充分认识严打方针的历史作用努力构建落实严打方针的长效机制

为了更好地贯彻落实严打方针,必须健全和完善严打长效机制。严打长效机制是政法机关为维护社会治安稳定而建立的一套能够依法有效从重从快打击严重刑事犯罪活动,能够长期发挥作用的、相对稳定的工作系统。建立严打长效机制须遵循法制原则、人权原则、科学原则和效率原则,并确立“打击犯罪是公安主业”的理念,确立“公正与效率兼容”的价值取向,确立“实现多赢效果”的评价标准。构建严打长效机制应坚决打击突出犯罪活动,切实提高严打斗争的质量和实效;加强打击犯罪工作的专业化建设;积极推进社会治安防控体系建设;加强公安基层基础建设;加强公安信息化建设和公安科技建设;建立科学的严打考核机制。     

Responses to Salduz: Procedural Tradition,Change and the Need for Effective Defence

This article examines the responses of national courts to the ECtHR's decision in Salduz v Turkey that suspects be provided with access to a lawyer before they are first interrogated by the police. It argues that harmonious application of human rights standards in criminal proceedings should build upon common values underpinning the procedural traditions of member states. ECtHR success in gaining acceptance for the principle of access to a lawyer during police interrogation, anchoring it in the privilege against incrimination, is contrasted with resistance towards giving the defence any active role during criminal investigations. It is argued that this resistance can be overcome by an appeal to safeguards that have long dominated the trial process. As the investigation phase increasingly determines the outcome of criminal proceedings, standards of fairness traditionally reserved for the trial process should be applied also to this phase in order to provide suspects with an effective defence.     

浅论提升吉林省科技创新能力

党的十八大报告指出：科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置.同样,提高科技创新能力也是促进区域经济可持续发展的重要动力源泉.目前,吉林省正处经济转型发展的关键时期,因此,加大政府对科技创新的支持力度、充分发挥企业自主创新的主体作用、建立产学研合作体系等是提升吉林省科技创新能力的重要途径.     

海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑

晚近国际法院的实践催生了海岛主权争端中适用有效控制规则的日渐成熟和完善,然而,海岛主权争端的复杂性,导致了适用有效控制规则中所考量的各种因素或者证据的权重和分量的不同。在理解国际法的财产权逻辑日渐成熟和被接受的情境下,理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑,即从国际法体系中的"国内法"因素、国际法体系中作为"事实"的国内法以及国际法院的司法中证据规则三个角度来诠释适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑进路,将为理性理解有效控制规则提供另一种绵长的动力。主要海洋国家的海岛立法表达模式表明,有效控制规制的适用不仅受到不同海岛立法的表达模式的影响和制约,而且理解适用有效控制规则的国内法逻辑的务实措施是强化国内立法,且必须明确国内法表达的类型、特点与机制。中国同周边国家的海岛主权争端为深入和系统地审视有效控制规则提供了实践经验和依据,更为海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则提供了理论修订机会。就中国而言,在理解海岛主权争端适用有效控制规则的国内法表达上,一方面要展开海岛立法的顶层设计,另一方面要有选择地强化特定海岛的专门立法。     

论中国刑事司法语境下的有效辩护问题

我国单轨制侦查模式、“轨道平行模式”的控辩关系、付之阙如的证据规则、非理性的实用主义诉讼价值观,深刻地影响着律师辩护的实质性。在我国实现有效辩护,应当在有效辩护的理论构成、有效辩护入法、有效辩护的程序性权利供给及其保障机制、辩护律师业务能力、无效辩护制度等方面有所突破。     

Electing Mayors with the Supplementary Vote Method: Evidence from Norway

Both Norway and England have used the supplementary vote (SV) method to elect mayors. SV was intended to elect mayors with a broad popular mandate, and deemed easy for voters to use. Previous research on English mayoral elections focusing on the supply side of the elections has found that voters supporting minority candidates with their first vote face difficulties using the optional second vote to choose among the remaining two top-candidates in municipalities where there are many candidates in the race. A close race, on the other hand, seems to give voters a helping hand in making this choice. Drawing on these findings, we link data on the 48 Norwegian mayoral races to survey data to further explore how the supply side of the elections and individual voter resources affect effective voting and use of the optional second vote. We use both standard logistic regression and multi-level models as statistical tools. The result reveals that 27 out the 48 elected mayors in Norway came out as majority winners (more than 50 per cent of the votes). The analysis suggests that the supply side of the elections is of minor importance for whether voters use their second vote or not. The probability of using the second vote is reduced by age, and voters who claim to understand how the electoral system works use the second vote more frequently. The analysis also reveals considerable variation in the number of first and second votes for the top two candidates (effective votes) between municipalities, and the results suggest that this variability may be explained partly by the closeness of the elections. Voters in municipalities with competitive mayoral races are more likely to vote effectively than voters in municipalities with less competitive elections. At the individual level party members are more likely to vote ineffectively.     

By‐laws of I.A.I.

The launch of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) marks the most significant change to the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) since it was launched in 2004. In the wake of the Georgia war in August 2008 and yet another gas crisis in January 2009, the EU clearly needs a more constructive policy towards Eastern Europe. But both the ENP and EaP are based on a contradiction. They offer only the remotest possibility of eventual accession to the EU, but are still based on “accession-light” assumptions, applying the conditionality model of the 1990s to weak states that are a long way from meeting the Copenhagen criteria. The priority in the eastern neighbourhood is not building potential members states but strengthening sovereignty, in the face of an increasingly assertive Russian neighbourhood policy. The game is playing the west off against Russia for geopolitical reward.     

Better by design: Korea's neoliberal economy

Abstract

This paper examines the processes of bank and corporate restructuring in South Korea since the 1997–98 economic crisis, and seeks to highlight how the state has intervened in a highly dirigiste manner in order to expedite restructuring in both the commercial bank and corporate sectors. At the same time it demonstrates the clear neoliberal principles that have underpinned the state's attempts to promote restructuring. The state has shown a clear determination to take action against insolvent firms and financial institutions no matter how large or strategically important they may be, to impose hard budget constraints on key economic actors. Furthermore, the state has actively sought to engineer the sale of key domestic firms and banks to foreign investors. We argue that Korea's efforts to create a functioning neoliberal economy have been largely successful and are functional from the perspective of Korean capitalism, if not the perspective of individual Korean firms. Changes in the global economy in the two decades preceding the 1997–98 crisis imposed an increasingly inescapable pressure on the Korean state to effect a neoliberal transformation and Korea's future as a centre of capitalist accumulation has for some time been bound up with the success of the neoliberal project. In conclusion, this paper seeks to draw out the broader implications of this reading of the post-crisis restructuring programme for debates on global economic liberalization and the future of capitalist diversity.     

Have Lower Real Wages Helped Industrial Restructuring in Romania?

A reduction in real wages arising from price liberalisation has been a standard feature of economies undergoing industrial restructuring. In this article, the impact of real wages on industrial performance is examined using a panel dataset of Romanian industries from 1990-96. Using both static and dynamic panel estimation, real wages are found not to be negatively associated with either output or employment. These results are consistent with a view that an institutionalist approach, aimed at improving productivity, may be more likely to achieve the long-term objective of successful industrial restructuring than standard adjustment programmes based on neo-classical theory.     

“发展陷阱”的形成原因分析——兼论中国经济落入发展陷阱的必然性

陷入“发展陷阱”之前的追赶型国家,往往会出现以美元计量的人均名义GDP增长率快于以本币计量的人均实际GDP增长率,这实际上也就是国际相对成本的上升和国际相对竞争力的下降,国内外市场因此会不断被更低收入国家蚕食;人均美元收入的快速提高产生的对生活品质的追求,会导致大量有效需求向发达国家转移。这些表现在企业收支上,也就是成本的提高与收入的减少;在国家层面则表现为外贸收支逆差增加和外汇储备减少或外债增加,由此落入“发展陷阱”。我国目前可能正处在该陷阱的入口。