宁夏发展低碳经济的对策研究

宁夏面临着巨大的节能减排和改善环境压力,迫切需要探索出一条适合宁夏实际的低碳经济发展之路,以实现科学发展、绿色发展和可持续发展的战略要求。     

重庆市发展低碳经济创新性研究之一——缘起、理论基础和对策框架

作为中国增长速度第三位和西部唯一的直辖市——重庆，在国家的大力扶持下，已经走上了一条赶超型的可持续工业化发展道路。但同时，我们也应该看到，重庆因为多年以来粗放型的经济增长方式，造成了资源严重的浪费与枯竭，所以如何在国际大背景下寻找资源环境和能源安全相协调的新型城市发展模型就成为了重庆，乃至全国其他城市经济可持续发展的刚性约束。该文在对低碳经济基本概念分析的基础上，探析其低碳城市构建的经济基础，并提出相关的对策框架，以期为重庆低碳经济创新性可持续发展作出贡献。     

黑龙江省口岸与中俄边贸

黑龙江省以省会城市哈尔滨为中心沿边境线呈扇形分布着15个口岸城市。十一届三中全会以后，沿边口岸相继得到开放。口岸作为一种重要的经济资源，有利于促进中俄边贸的繁荣、推动黑龙江省资源的优化配置和产业结构的合理化、振兴沿边地区经济。     

网上证券交易:挑战、法律困境及出路

网上证券交易逐渐成为现代证券市场重要的交易方式和目标模式 ,其技术上的优势给现代证券交易提供了良好的发展机遇 ,其所造成的市场结构和交易条件的改变又对市场各方和现行法律形成了巨大的挑战。针对网上证券交易带来的主体、交易平台和系统、交易形式、安全和风险、监管、争议解决等方面的法律困境 ,应坚持“三公”和“保护投资者利益”原则 ,从监管体制、市场准入机制、场外替代交易类型、交易形式效力规则、风险安全保障、争议处理等六个方面完善相关的制度。     

股份回购中内幕交易行为之证券法规制

在公司股份回购过程中,容易产生内幕交易等证券违法行为。美、日等国家一般在放松公司股份回购的同时,在证券法中加强对内幕交易等证券违法行为的联动规范。但我国在公司法中增加股份回购事由的规定时,并未在证券法中对信息披露、内幕交易行为作联动规范。鉴于此,我们应在证券法中针对股份回购中的内幕交易行为作联动规范,将公司规定为内幕人员;股份回购行为本身构成应披露的内幕信息;限制内部人交易本公司的股份;同时还应禁止公司的短线交易行为。     

国际海运温室气体减排法律问题探析

近年来,国际海运温室气体排放问题逐渐引起了国际社会的广泛关注,国际海事组织在《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的授权下进行了包括立法在内的诸多努力并取得了一定的成果。本文在对国际海事组织构建的国际海运温室气体减排法律框架进行厘清的基础上,就其框架中体现出的"不优惠待遇"原则及相关的减排机制进行分析,认为相关制度还有待调整以符合大多数国家的利益。     

Converging Markets

The crucible in this scenario for the international climate regime is the emergence of an effective and liquid international carbon market with participation of private entities. In order to make the carbon market effective a bilateral negotiation track will develop, operating in parallel with the multilateral track under the UNFCCC. The purpose of the bilateral track is to integrate the various emissions trading schemes involving private actors. This bilateral track feeds into the UNFCCC negotiations, which still represents the main arena for the international climate negotiations. Through the bilateral, bottom-up negotiations, a multistage system develops, with differentiated rights and duties, complemented by a package of coordinated support mechanisms. The advantages of such a bottom-up approach prove to be, inter alia, fewer negotiating parties, new negotiation arenas, and a new set of selective incentives. The result is a continuously evolving agreement with the potential to gradually broaden participation and deepen the reduction commitments of the international climate regime. Moreover, the bilateral agreements for linking schemes with private actors also represent a fallback in the event of a collapse in the multilateral negotiations.The article has been written by funding from the Central Research Institute for the Electric Power Industry in Tokyo and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It also represents an output of research financed by the Research Council of Norway, project no. 144768/520. The authors thank all three institutions for the funding, as well as the many participants at the workshops where the ideas in the paper have been presented. Their criticism and suggestions have been very stimulating, indeed.     

服务贸易总协定的主要法律制度分析

服务贸易总协定(GeneralAgreementinTrades,简称GATs)是历史上第一个关于服务贸易的全球性具有法律约束力的多边协议,是国际服务贸易逐步实现自由化的里程碑,它对于消除和降低贸易壁垒,消除服务贸易的垄断,推动国际服务贸易的发展具有十分重要的意义。然而它也只是一个谨慎的阶段性的妥协产物,仍有许多需要明确和完善之处。     

西部经济发展滞后的原因分析——基于新兴古典经济学视角

近几年,东西部地区之间的差距呈扩大趋势,文章尝试在新兴古典经济学的视角下探讨其原因,并认为国家要大力发展西部,缩小沿海地区与中西部的差距,应致力于改善西部的交易效率,推动其分工演进,从而提高生产效率和经济效率,促进经济增长。     

Squaring the speed of light? Regulating market access in algorithmic finance

Abstract

We examine the sociomaterial regulation of algorithmic trading against the background of the European Union’s directives on Markets in Financial Instruments (MiFID/MiFIR). Tracing the purification and translation of regulatory practices within a French brokerage firm, we examine the impact of electronic trading on the nature of market access. Central to our analysis is the ‘Blackbox’, a tool designed to manage market access efficiently by collating trade flows and automatically pairing them with trading algorithms. Our findings show that, through a process of ‘abstracting’, purification and translation are kept strictly separate, allowing the broker to meet the regulatory requirements de jure whilst retaining de facto the unregulated advantages of high-speed materiality. We discuss the implications for both the policy and practice of high-speed financial trading.