汉语汉字在越南的传播及其文化意义分析

汉语汉字在越南的传播既是中国封建统治者出于统治和开发边境民族文化的需要,更是越南封建王朝加强自身统治的需要。汉语汉字通过多种途径在越南进行传播,对越南社会政治文化以及语言文字的社会功能产生了广泛而深远的影响,它所包容的文化意义也就因此呈现出多方面性和多层次性。     

中古汉语助动词句法结构论

中古汉语的助动词分可能、意愿、应当三大类,各类助动词在中古典籍中的出现频率不同。助动词的句法结构主要有NP＋助动词＋VP、NP＋Neg＋助动词＋VP、NP＋助动词等几种,每一格式的内部有一些变化。中古以降,“应当、必当、宜须、要当”等13个助动词同义组合这种句法现象得到了发展。     

Effects of language mismatch in automatic forensic voice comparison using deep learning embeddings

In forensic voice comparison, deep learning has become widely popular recently. It is mainly used to learn speaker representations, called embeddings or embedding vectors. Speaker embeddings are often trained using corpora mostly containing widely spoken languages. Thus, language dependency is an important factor in automatic forensic voice comparison, especially when the target language is linguistically very different from that the model is trained on. In the case of a low-resource language, developing a corpus for forensic purposes containing enough speakers to train deep learning models is costly. This study aims to investigate whether a model pre-trained on multilingual (mostly English) corpus can be used on a target low-resource language (here, Hungarian), not represented by the model. Often multiple samples are not available from the offender (unknown speaker). Samples are therefore compared pairwise with and without speaker enrollment for suspect (known) speakers. Two corpora are used that were developed especially for forensic purposes and a third that is meant for traditional speaker verification. Speaker embedding vectors are extracted by the x-vector and ECAPA-TDNN techniques. Speaker verification was evaluated in the likelihood-ratio framework. A comparison is made between the language combinations (modeling, LR calibration, and evaluation). The results were evaluated by Cllr_min and EER metrics. It was found that the model pre-trained on a different language but on a corpus with a significant number of speakers can be used on samples with language mismatch. Sample duration and speaking style also seem to affect the performance.     

语篇分析与大学英语阅读教学

传统大学英语教学往往关注语言知识和语法规则的掌握,功能语言学的语篇分析理论,无论在大学英语精读教学还是在阅读教学中,都为教学法的改革提供了强大的理论支持。本文从阅读教学的角度探讨了语篇分析与阅读教学的关系,并就如何利用语篇分析理论培养学生阅读理解能力提出了一点参考性策略。     

法律语言确定性与法律文化的发展

语言是文化的载体,是民族精神的体现。英美法律语言和中国传统法律语言不同的发展特点源自于各自独特的思维方式和民族特性。因此,中国法制现代化的进程中,法律借鉴、移植必须使制度性的法律文化与观念性的法律文化同步发展,使法治精神通过民众的语言体现出来。     

Speaking Different Languages or Reading From the Same Script? Word Usage of Democratic and Republican Politicians

Words are believed to be indicators of the values that are important to politicians and an impressive amount of empirical research has analyzed variations in language use. While it is generally accepted that there are value differences between Democrats and Republicans, the extent to which these differences are reflected in word usage has been theorized but is largely untested. The connection between values and language is, theoretically, not limited just to politicians, but should be especially evident among politicians as representatives of existing ideological poles. In this article, we examine elite rhetoric through the lens of four value-centered theoretical frameworks (Lakoff’s Parenting Styles model, Moral Foundations Theory, Schwartz’s Values Theory, and Motivated Social Cognition Theory). Contrary to the expectations posited by these four theories, we find little reliable evidence of value-related language differences between Democratic and Republican politicians. Our findings suggest that, at least when it comes to elite rhetoric, widely accepted theoretical claims about the value-based nature of political language and political differences are not consistently supported by empirical analysis.     

Improving Democratic Discourse in UK General Election and Referendum Campaigns

This article is a short overview of the recently released report entitled Doing Democracy Better published by the Constitution Unit based at University College London. The report makes a series of interesting and useful observations about the health of democratic discourse within the UK and advances a selection of recommendations for its improvement. Whilst noting the value of the report as a piece of substantive research, there are a number of further questions which need to be addressed. As such, this report should be seen as the starting point of a broader discussion that takes a more nuanced approach to improving democratic discourse and a less London‐centric approach to conceptualising the UK's political institutions and language.     

对我国"法律语言"概念的反思

法律语言概念的定义,在我国多种多样.每一种定义虽然都有其闪光点,但也都有内在的缺陷.多样化虽然促进了我国法律语言研究在许多方面展开,但影响甚至阻碍了研究的进一步深入.尽管科学地重新定义法律语言的概念并不容易,但解决因法律语言多种概念而遗留的问题则更难.     

牯牛降国家自然保护区珍稀濒危药用植物资源调查

目的 调查牯牛降国家自然保护区的珍稀濒危药用植物资源,对资源的保护及永续利用进行探讨。方法 通过查阅文献、走访调查、野外实地调查、标本采集与鉴定,对保护区的珍稀濒危药用植物特色进行整理分析。结果 牯牛降有珍稀濒危药用植物30科58种,其中国家级保护植物18种,其他珍稀药用植物40种。在58种珍稀濒危药用植物中,28种是常用中药材的正品来源,12种是中国特有的第四纪以前孑遗植物。结论 牯牛降国家自然保护区珍稀濒危药用植物种类丰富,需合理利用,并加强环境和资源保护。