抢劫致人重伤、死亡中的“人“

"抢劫致人重伤、死亡"中的"人",包含抢劫对象这没什么争议,但是否还包括抢劫对象以外的其他人,存在争议.笔者认为有条件地包括抢劫对象和第三人,对"有条件"的判断应当以刑法中的因果关系为根据,进行具体分析.     

劳教人员的文身调查

目的抽样调查101名劳教人员的文身情况。方法通过流行病学调查进行研究。结果流行病学分析表明:劳教人员为文身的易感人群,监管场所是文身传播的重要环境,青少年刺制文身现象比较突出,多个部位、刺制精细的文身是违法犯罪高危人群的一种特殊标志。结论可建立文身档案或数据库,对违法犯罪嫌疑人的个人识别、体貌辨认具有重要的使用价值和现实意义。     

‘A confession of ignorance’: deaths from old age and deciphering cause-of-death statistics in Scotland, 1855–1949

A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous work to piece together a time series of causes of death for Scotland, which removes many of the discontinuities encountered in the published statistics that result from the Registrar General deciding to update the nosology, or classification system, which was being used to compile his figures. Having regrouped individual causes of death to ‘smooth’ the time series, the authors use the new groups to examine the changing causes of death in Scotland for selected age groups, before turning to undertake a detailed examination of mortality amongst those aged 55 or more. The authors find that when deaths from ‘old age’ in the latter age group are separated from other ‘ill-defined’ causes, it becomes obvious that there was a ‘rebranding’ of cause of death. The authors then use individual-level data from two Scottish communities to further dissect the roles played by ‘informants’ and ‘doctors’ in this rebranding, in order to see how these roles may have altered over time and what the consequences might be for one's view of how mortality changed in Scotland between 1855 and 1949. Finally, the authors argue that their findings have important implications for some of historical demography's most prominent theories: the McKeown thesis and the theory of epidemiological transition.     

Causality between transnational terrorism and tourism: The case of Spain

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to devise a methodology for estimating the impact of transnational terrorism on tourism. Using monthly data from 1970–1988, we estimate the relationship between terrorism and tourism for Spain. We find that terrorist events have had a significant negative impact on the number of tourists visiting Spain. A typical incident is estimated as scaring away just over 140,000 tourists when all monthly impacts are combined. Moreover, the causality is unidirectional: terrorism affects tourism, but not the reverse.     

Explaining (and re-explaining) political change in the Middle East during the Arab Spring: trajectories of democratization and of authoritarianism in the Maghreb

After the 2011 Arab Spring, a pressing concern is to understand why some authoritarian regimes remain in power while others fall when confronted with similar difficulties. Earlier representations of the success of authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa generated common misperceptions concerning politically effective behaviour in the region. These views, shared by local autocrats and international actors alike, led them to propose ad hoc policy reorientations in response to a contagion of popular uprisings. In their turn, these policy responses directly contributed to the failure of authoritarianism and the production of democratic revolutions in several countries of the region. Such revolutionary options, although structured by the (lack of) opportunities for contestation present in each polity, are not predicable events as they depend on elite mis-assessments of the situation to be effective (as in Tunisia, Libya). Reciprocally, when reform pathways are made available by authoritarian regimes, contestation can be channelled into non-revolutionary political action (as in Morocco, Algeria).     

5例内固定取出术后再骨折的因果关系鉴定

目的 分析骨折内固定取出术后再发骨折的原因,探讨再骨折因果关系评定的原则.方法 回顾分析5例骨折内固定取出术后再发骨折的原因及其与原发损伤的因果关系.结果 5例发生再骨折者多为中青年,无过早取内固定的情形,无明显外伤史(1例有轻微外伤).结论 内固定本身的因素导致骨折处的骨量下降、不恰当的内固定取出时机、不适当的功能锻炼及外伤都是再骨折的可能原因,在因果关系分析时需注意界定一因还是多因形式,并注意区别多因比例.     

《中医体质量表（韩文版）》在韩国人群中应用的横断面研究

目的 通过横断面调查,了解韩国人群中医体质类型分布规律,探索性分析影响韩国人群中医体质的影响因素。方法 2014年5—11月,选取居住于首尔地区的300例韩国人,运用《中医体质量表（韩文版）》调查其中医体质类型,比较不同性别、不同职业、不同体质量指数者的中医体质类型,并与中国常模的中医体质类型进行比较。结果 300例被调查人群中,平和质69例,其余8种偏颇体质225例,兼夹体质6例,居于前3位的偏颇体质类型为阳虚质（占14.3%）、湿热质（占13.3%）和阴虚质（占12.7%）。不同性别者的体质类型比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同职业者的体质类型比较,以及不同体质类型者的体质量指数比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与中国常模的体质类型分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其中韩国人群阳虚质构成比高于中国常模,气虚质构成比低于中国常模。结论 韩国人群的中医体质类型存在性别差异,其分布情况可能与中国人群不同,但尚需要大样本数据的验证。