我国建立社会主义市场经济体制的回顾与展望——兼论我国进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制的重点和难点

11年来,我国在社会主义市场经济理论研究和改革实践中,取得了显著成就.实践证明:市场在资源配置中的基础性调节作用,市场机制与公有制为主体且多种所有制并存,效率优先,讲求信用关系和契约关系,内外开放,是社会主义市场经济的突出特征.加快市场化进程,规范政府职能,建立科学的人本假设理论,是进一步完善和巩固我国社会主义市场经济的重要保证.     

民族生态审美叙事中的隐喻交合功能

民族生态审美叙事的关键是科技隐喻与民族生态隐喻交合互动 ,它在正义性原则指导下可保证民族生存与文化具有可持续生存指标 ,一种吸收变革而不丧失认同性活力的能指 ,从而使人与自然及民族间的交往灵活地进行。进而 ,在科技隐喻与民族生态隐喻等“多重隐喻”的功能交合辐射的过程中 ,人类超越自身而形成把握实在意义的方式与前景 ,最终形成对科技导致的生态危机与民族冲突的超越。     

用世界历史理论解读现代社会的开放性

开放是世界历史发展的必然要求,也是现代社会的基本属性。开放的历史必然性蕴涵在资本主义生产方式与商品经济相结合所开创的世界历史中。社会主义的产生和发展都离不开世界历史。因此,社会主义是在经济、政治、思想文化等方面都必须与整个世界进行双向沟通和交流的开放型社会,开放既是实现社会主义现代化的手段,同时也是社会主义的一个基本属性。     

中国传统社会变革的主要特征

中国传统社会不断变革赋予了中华文明持久生命力。从上古三代至今天的改革开放,中国传统社会经历多次重大变革,并鲜明地表现为四个主要特征:与商品经济发展紧密联系,商品经济是社会变革的重要推动力量;以“民”的演变为基础和发展主线,经历了部族社会、豪民社会、富民社会、市民社会四个变革时代;以“乱”为表象,实质是“变”,是社会秩序的新整合,是走向“和谐”的必然过程;社会的整体变化,包括了社会意识和价值观念的调整。中国传统社会每一重大变革,都伴随着儒学的复兴和发展。     

王国维"二重证据法"的形成及其意义(下)

三、<殷先公先王考>和<续考>:熟练运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果 王国维成熟地运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果,是1917年初先后撰成的<殷卜辞中所见先公先王考>和<殷卜辞中所见先公先王续考>两文.因其所运用的方法缜密精当,解决的问题重大,为研究者打开了一片新天地,故成为近代史学史上意义重大的一页.     

Police professionalism and cynicism reconsidered: An assessment of measurement issues

A hierarchical logistic model is used to analyze data on Three Strikes-eligible offenders in California and the counties in which they are sentenced. The analysis finds that discretion is widely exercised by elected prosecutors and judges in the administration of Three Strikes. Discretion functions as a “safety valve” and preserves some sentencing proportionality, but may also allow political concerns to influence sentencing decisions. A more conservative political environment is strongly associated with stricter application of the law. Consistent with racial threat theory, eligible felons are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences in counties with larger Latino populations. However, the size of the black population has no significant effect. Higher unemployment rates are associated with more stringent application of the law. Prosecutorial and judicial discretion benefits offenders unequally. Controlling for legally relevant factors, black offenders are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences, while younger ones are less likely.     

Representations of the family in postwar British amateur film: family histories in the Lane and Scrutton collection at the East Anglian Film Archive

This article examines the construction of the postwar British family in amateur film with reference to the Sidney Lane and Cecil Scrutton collection held at the East Anglian Film Archive (EAFA), particularly the films covering 1948 – 1961. Heather Norris Nicholson argues that home movies contribute to ‘an understanding of leisure and visual-related practices of consumption as well as the social processes by which people came to give themselves, and others, identities’ in the mid-twentieth century (Nicholson, H. N. [2004]. At Home and Abroad with Cine Enthusiasts: Regional Amateur Filmmaking and Visualizing the Mediterranean, ca. 1928 – 1962’. Geojournal, 49, 323–333). By considering the social and historical contexts in which these home movies were produced, and using accompanying notes by one of the filmmaker’s sons, the leisure time films of Lane and Scrutton can be analysed in order to understand how the amateur cine hobby ideologically constructed family, community and national identity in postwar Britain. The images of Christmas parties, daytrips and holidays in these films reveal much about this particular family, and are therefore very illuminating to the social historian and film scholar of today.     

Means,Motives and Opportunities in Ethno-Nationalist Mobilization

Building on the most important theoretical tools from the literatures on social movements and nationalism, we propose a model of the intensity of nationalist political behavior in which a community's means, motives, and opportunities assume the central roles in the initiation and escalation of nationalist contentious politics. We then test this model using multinomial logit on original data from the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain over a twenty-year period. The results demonstrate that the means, motives, and opportunities assume vital, yet nonlinear, roles in determining a community's level of electoral, violent, and nonviolent contentious activity. The findings also show that there are crucial differences in what accounts for the moves to electoral contention, to protest, and to rebellion. Several of these factors are uniformly escalatory on the intensity of contention—especially repression, social mobilization, and regime change—while others, most importantly democracy, have a moderating effect on the generation of conflict. The results further imply processes of a diffusion of rebellious activities and of an organizational-level substitution effect between violent and nonviolent forms of political behavior. At the aggregate community level, however, escalation in contention involves a “cumulative effect” rather than a classic “substitution effect.”     

Hearing the voice of Donbas: art and literature as forms of cultural protest during war

This paper analyzes literary, visual, and street art works of writers and artists from Eastern Ukraine produced during 2014. Two Donetsk artists, Serhii Zakharov and Anzhela Dzherikh, and two Luhansk writers, Serhii Zhadan and Olena Stepova, play with the myth of the proletarian Donbas, on the one hand, and debunk the popular perception of Donbas people as being in consent with the politics of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics, on the other. They explore familiar tropes and images of Donbas and use guerrilla tactics (shock effects, provocativeness, and deception) to initiate public reaction to the war. Their works are united by their search for a shared communication space and direct access to the audience on occupied territories. These artists challenge the accepted perception of Donbas as a free but uncivilized space and participate in the creation of a new Donbas text. The interaction between politics, art, and activism makes their voices and vision powerful and infectious and can help achieve civic consolidation in Donbas.