我国民族教育课程研究:回顾与前瞻

民族教育特殊性的重要载体与表现形式是课程。随着我国学者对民族教育特殊性认识的加深、对民族学生心理特征研究的起步 ,以及对国外多元文化教育的介绍 ,民族教育中的课程问题研究 ,经历了不同的发展阶段 ,取得了一些研究成果。但却明显表现出研究范畴不明、研究视野狭窄、理论深度不够、方法单一等问题。因此深化民族教育课程理论研究、开阔研究视野、关注课程改革实验 ,逐步形成民族教育课程理论体系是新的历史背景下民族教育课程研究的重要走向     

Subnational competitive authoritarianism and power-sharing in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

Incremental democratic decline is evident in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), but measures of democracy conceal an uneven subnational distribution of autocratization. So far there has been limited research on the drivers and constraints to subnational autocratization. This paper aims to contribute to the literature on power-sharing by exploring instances of illiberal politics enacted by parties in government at the subnational level in BiH. Evidence is gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysis of three specific cases of illiberal politics. We find that the political contest in BiH is purposefully contained within ethnic and subnational boundaries and constrained through several layers of institutionalized multilevel and ethnic checks and balances. The main drivers of subnational autocratization are opportunities that arise from the institutional framework established during early democratization and postwar structures that blend executive dominance with economic power and informal party networks, and occasionally from an individual actor’s perceptions of threat. Democratization in BiH will need to address subnational politics and deep-rooted power structures if it is to be successful.     

The fate of the Assyrian minority in early independent Iraq: a test case of political violence based on rational primordialism

Analyzing ethno-national conflicts is usually not easy in that not all quantitative scientific tools are useful to the student of a conflict based on primordial elements. The burden of studying the outcome of a conflict is all the more complex given that the two conflicting groups might be at two different stages of their political development at any given time during the course of the conflict. In the case of the fate of the [Eastern Christian] Assyrian community in early independent Iraq, the political rationale for decisions taken by each party was drawn from different sociological, historical and political realms. Decisions in times of conflict and their political and historical ramifications are not always rational, since they draw upon primordial/communal considerations rather than the accurate reading of the overall true strategic scene.

The violence was an outcome of a combination of primordial differences and rational choice. The Iraqis sought to establish a new sovereign state with minimal disturbances from its Christian minority that they perceived as not belonging to the new nation. As for the Assyrians, they chose violence believing that at least some superpowers would support them. Historically, this rational decision based upon a primordial dispute turned out to be a mistake primarily because of lack of external support, weak internal cohesion of the group, and feeble leadership.     

What explains the rise of majority–minority tensions and conflict in Xinjiang?

ABSTRACT

In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heightened ethno-cultural consciousness stemming from ethnic minorities’ low socio-economic status due, in part, to internal Han migration, and a labour market process – involving agency and structure – that has shaped a split and segmented labour market.     

加快农业结构调整步伐促进贵州民族地区经济跨越式发展

党的十六大报告高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜,全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想,确立了经济、政治、文化等各项建设任务,把农业结构调整放在优先位置.这是今后贵州农村工作特别是贵州少数民族地区农村工作的重要指导方针和行动纲领,是贵州民族地区经济跨越式发展的必由之路.     

文化多样性与人类生存环境问题

多样的人类文化与人类生存环境结成了多样的联系形式,并对自然环境产生了不同的影响作用.重新认识、判定不同民族文化的生存学价值,维护及有效利用民族文化的多样性,对缓解目前已出现的生态环境恶化问题有着积极的意义.     

发展民族社区经济方法探索--以可邑彝族生态文化旅游村项目为例

民族社区发展是一项复杂的社会实践活动,其核心是发展.通常的发展模式往往因忽略了社区成员的切身要求、自我意识及创造潜力而收效不甚明显.因此,西部大开发背景下的云南民族社区发展期待运作方法上的创新和突破.而来自可邑彝族村旅游发展项目的实践表明借鉴国际发展机构对欠发达地区实施的较为成功的参与性发展模式,结合云南实际,特别是民族社区独有的民族文化、传统习俗、生活方式,探索民族社区目标人群自身能力发掘及建设的方法,在项目实践中将理论上的民族文化的自信心、自觉性转化为村民的自觉行为,从而有效地解决传承民族传统文化与发展经济之间的矛盾,促进民族自身经济社会的协调发展,是切实可行的.     

以"三个代表"为指针,创新思想政治工作--新世纪多民族地区思想政治工作的思考

创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,也是多民族地区加强和改进思想政治工作的动力源泉.我们必须围绕唱响西部大开发的主旋律,打好主动战,在加强和改进多民族地区思想政治工作的观念上创新;注重思想政治工作的实践取向和民族性取向,在思想政治工作的内容上创新;增大科学含量,找准突破口,在思想政治工作的队伍建设和工作制度上创新.这种创新归结到一点,就是要以江泽民同志"三个代表"的思想为指针,开创新时期思想政治工作的新局面,为各民族的团结、稳定、发展提供有力的思想和组织保障.     

中国西南民族关系研究散论

在民族史研究中,对民族关系主流的问题有"友好合作说"和"战争压迫说",但就中国西南民族关系的主流问题,则表现出各民族在长期的历史发展中,既和平友好、相互吸收,又矛盾冲突、相互排斥这样一个辩证的历史运动过程.就民族融合而言,西南历史上的民族融合在元代以前表现为同源异流为主,元代以后则既有同源异流,也有多源合流和异源异流.此外,整个西南民族关系主要由政治关系、经济关系、文化关系表现出来.     

香格里拉民族生态旅游的设计与实践--来自云南省中甸县霞给村的研究报告

生态旅游是未来旅游业发展的方向,民族生态旅游接待示范村是生态旅游开发的一种有效途径.中甸霞给村的开发模式,既能让旅游者饱览丰富的自然生态景观,又能欣赏到浓郁的民族风情,领略悠久的历史文化,同时还能有效地保护生态环境,使当地的居民在经济上得到收益.