Milton's army: The white house press corps

White House reporters follow a path constructed by presidential advisers that they hope will lead them to fulfill goals set by their news organizations. White House officials ration them facilities for work, access to newsworthy people, and reportable information in amounts that depend on the importance to the President of the type of media they work in, the status of their particular news organization, and the staff's respect for the influence and competence of a particular individual. In this context, several constraints that affect White House reporting are discussed here: those placed on reporters by their organizations; by the way their type of media covers the White House; by their relations with each other; and by their concepts of what they are required to do. The framework for this discussion and analysis is a classification by type of media and news organizations that assign journalists to the White House. Of the resulting six categories, the first three have the most structural and organizational influence and are given the most attention. The special status, unique history, and influence of photographers at the White House require that they be treated separately.     

扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设思想的价值逻辑——建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系的理论特色

党的十八大报告把中国特色社会主义文化建设推向了一个新的高度。＂扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设＂思想凝结着中国共产党文化建设思想的智慧,体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系理论特色的价值逻辑。其蕴含的新观点、新精髓、新思路、新提法,丰富了建构社会主义文化话语体系的先进特色、民族特色、和谐特色、时代特色的重要理论内涵。新观点体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系先进特色的价值目标。新精髓形成了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系民族特色的理论核心。新思路体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系和谐特色的发展导向。新提法体现了建构中国特色社会主义文化话语体系时代特色的实践创新。     

Culling the cousins: Kingship,kinship, and competition in mid-millennial England

Kin selection, an aspect of evolutionary theory, argues that, all else equal, individuals should give preferential treatment to relatives, based on the degree of relatedness [Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour I, II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–52.]. However, one may observe instances where competition for scarce or unique resources is stronger between family members than between unrelated individuals. Such a situation existed between 1377 and 1603 with intense competition for the throne of England among descendents of Edward III. During this period, monarchs were executed by relatives to gain or maintain the throne for him or herself or descendents. Despite the widespread destruction of kindred, we show that executioners never sacrificed lineal relatives nor executed collateral relatives in excess of their own legitimate nuclear relatedness, and the number of executed relatives was positively correlated to the age and legitimate reproductive success of the executioner. Moreover, when resources are scarce, have an intrinsically high value, and are inherited, it may be in your Darwinian reproductive interest not to maximize but to minimize the number of legitimate children in order to reduce competition among family members.     

Choosing your own Boss: Variations of Representation Foci in Mixed Electoral Systems

Members of parliament are privileged agents. They can choose who to regard as their principal: the entire nation, a particular electoral district or a political party. Focusing on two countries with mixed electoral systems, Romania and Hungary, the article documents the dominance of the electoral logic of role-formation over the constraints of legislative organisation and the influence of socialisation. The focus of representation is found to be only modestly influenced by the degree of the embeddedness of MPs in political structures and hierarchies. The association of the seat with a particular territorial unit, on the other hand, has a robust effect even when this association originates in the political environment and not in formal rules. Finally, the psychological effect of losing a Single Member District is also found to influence how MPs perceive their representative role.     

海洋资源权属制度的多维解读

海洋资源利用的"xx使用权模式"引发一系列海洋资源权属理论上的困境。在"体系后研究范式"下,海洋资源权属从"公有物"到私权盛行的变迁,表明传统私法视域下海洋资源权属制度具有反思和检讨的必要性,这是由海洋资源权属立法上的诟病、适用范畴的不周全性以及理论依据的争议性所决定的。基于海洋资源国家所有权、环境法理念以及国家主权或者管理权等多维逻辑进路的考量,海洋资源权属制度是公私法色彩兼具的混合权属机制。海洋资源权属制度的多维解读,其主要的现实价值在于提升民族的海洋意识和海洋能力。     

科学发展观：生成逻辑、理论内涵与实践路径

科学发展观的形成有其独特的内在逻辑与理论内涵。面对未来发展过程中的挑战,必须把科学发展观作为长期坚持的理论指导,以更加坚定的决心、更加有力的举措、更加完善的制度来贯彻落实科学发展观,促进经济社会和谐稳定。     

民商事习惯法研究范围的再认识

在习惯法研究中,如果采用当代国家法中通用的法律体系作为区分部门法研究的标准,极可能导致既不能很好地把握我国习惯法固有的基本精神内核,又使得民商事习惯法的范围过于僵化,难以达成研究目的。立足于当下民商事习惯法特定的生存背景,结合民商事习惯法的“内在理路”,探求民商事习惯法的内在精神,从其固有的社会文化价值和实证的解决纠纷过程及效果出发,对民商事习惯法的范围进行再认识,是应取的科学态度。     

Ecological Consciousness: Reflections on Hominids and Other Thinking Animals

Abstract

Paleoanthropologists have long worked with the assumption that bipedism and brain enlargement evolved together in a cycle of cause and effect powered by the production of tools and instrumental manipulation. Rather, this paper argues, following the work of Paul Shepard, that discernments, or specific kinds of mentalities, arise from the relations that mammals and hominids form with their environments, other species and within their own social groupings.     

问题、问题意识与教学中的“转识成智”——关于教学方法改革的哲学思考

问题就是自觉地“知道我们不知道”,于是就体现为主体解决问题的愿望.对问题的意蕴进行再思考,“使思想自觉其为思想”,就形成了问题意识.“知识爆炸”对传统的教学宗旨和模式提出了严峻挑战,现代教学所凸显的问题和问题意识为世界教育改革的潮流提供了方向.“转识成智”是中国佛教中的一个重要命题.在学校的课堂教学中,“转识成智”就是要注重教学过程中的问题逻辑设计,在引导学生反思的兴趣中培养能力和提升德性.