应用：中国逻辑研究的软肋

多年来中国逻辑应用研究一直停滞在探索范围、对象、方法的层次上,进取不大,成为中国逻辑研究的软肋。究其原因,逻辑应用研究的认识有误是妨碍逻辑应用研究发展的主要问题。     

Color Separation in Forensic Image Processing Using Interactive Differential Evolution

Color separation is an image processing technique that has often been used in forensic applications to differentiate among variant colors and to remove unwanted image interference. This process can reveal important information such as covered text or fingerprints in forensic investigation procedures. However, several limitations prevent users from selecting the appropriate parameters pertaining to the desired and undesired colors. This study proposes the hybridization of an interactive differential evolution (IDE) and a color separation technique that no longer requires users to guess required control parameters. The IDE algorithm optimizes these parameters in an interactive manner by utilizing human visual judgment to uncover desired objects. A comprehensive experimental verification has been conducted on various sample test images, including heavily obscured texts, texts with subtle color variations, and fingerprint smudges. The advantage of IDE is apparent as it effectively optimizes the color separation parameters at a level indiscernible to the naked eyes.     

Learning to Change: The Production of Contingency in Modern Legal Systems

Modern society is characterized bycomplexity and change. Weber's theory of thesephenomena explained them with changes in basicreligious concepts. Conceptual changes areagain under investigation here, but the theoryis somewhat different. In this paper, it isassumed that law is a system that follows theAshby's systems theoretical law of requisitevariety. Society can respond to growth ofcomplexity in its environment by eitheradaptation or selective indifference. Theexample of the evolution of legal persons inGerman law is used here to show how law hasdeveloped contingent concepts as a cognitivebuffer between itself and the demandingenvironment of modern society. The legal systemcan balance adaptation and selectiveindifference by constructing and observing itsbasic concepts as contingent. The constructionof autonomy is shown to be a continuous processwhere law establishes an increased level ofautonomy.     

文体学与20世纪中国报告文学研究

之所以建构一个兼容了叙述学、文化学和传播学等理论的文体学框架,是为了对20世纪中国报告文学的发展做出新的阐释.这一框架主要包括文体与文体学符码的理解,报告文学的体裁和语言体式、叙述模式、文化语境、文体的制作与传播等层面.阐释的意义在于,突破社会-历史批评定于一尊的传统研究格局,通过形式批评和价值批评的有机整合,显示新世纪报告文学研究的新维度.     

从公共人力资源管理视角看我国公务员考录制度演变

公务员考试录用制度经历了十多年的发展之后 ,已经取得了长足进步。从当代公共人力资源管理的视角对考录制度的演变进行宏观微观分析便可发现 ,这一系列变化反映了我国传统人事管理向现代公共人力资源管理的转变。而认识到这一点 ,对于应试人员、主管机关、理论工作者都是大有裨益的     

Judicial precedents in civil law systems: A dynamic analysis

This paper uses a simple dynamic model to describe the evolution of judicial decision making in civil law systems. Unlike the common law systems, civil law jurisdictions do not adopt a stare decisis principle in adjudication. In deciding any given legal issue, precedents serve a persuasive role. Civil law courts are expected to take past decisions into account when there is a sufficient level of consistency in case law. Generally speaking, when uniform case law develops, courts treat precedents as a source of “soft” law, taking them into account when reaching a decision. The higher the level of uniformity in past precedents, the greater the persuasive force of case law. Although civil law jurisdictions do not allow dissenting judges to attach a dissent to a majority opinion, cases that do not conform to the dominant trend serve as a signal of dissent among the judiciary. These cases influence future decisions in varying ways in different legal traditions. Judges may also be influenced by recent jurisprudential trends and fads in case law. The evolution of case law under these doctrines of precedents is modeled, considering the possibility for consolidation or corrosion of legal remedies and the permanence of unsettled case law.     

浅议三段论格与式的理论应当加以简化和改造

普通逻辑三段论理论的教学内容有些繁琐、重复，不易于学生理解与掌握，在多年教学实践的基础我们认为：三段论格的规则应当删除，三段论式的理论应限于了解。     

Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights

In this article my purpose is to go thoroughly into the ideas expressed by economists regarding the legitimacy of absolute property rights. I visit the Lockian argument taken up by Murray Rothbard (1.1) and the principle of the finder keeper clarified by Israel Kizner (1.2). I argue that it is impossible to legitimate either the property of the finder keeper or the property of oneself if man does not think of himself as an individual. Indeed individualism becomes the cultural prerequisite required to acknowledge the rights of the finder keeper and the goods obtained through labour. Here, Hayek's complex individualism is akin to the hypothesis of the social animal of Benjamin Constant and the work of Gabriel Tarde on the transformation of law. The individual is both an effect and a cause of property rights.     

建国以来民营经济法制的发展进程及其演变轨迹

本文在将民营经济法制的发展进程划分为创建时期、蛰伏时期和复兴时期三个不同时段,并宏观描述三个历史阶段民营经济法制的各自特征的基础上,全面梳理了建国以来民营经济法制的演变轨迹。文章认为,新中国民营经济法制的发展,在调整手段上呈现由“政策法律并举、政策优先”到“法律主导、政策补充”的演变过程,在具体内容上反映出了由“体现计划经济体制要求”到“反映现代市场经济体制要求”的过渡。在立法目的上显现由“利用、限制、改造”逐步演变为“确认、保护、促进”的特征,在保护对象上呈现从保护“资本家的经济利益”逐步调整为保护“民营企业的合成权利”的态势,在规制的对象上体现了由“资本家个人”到“民营企业本身”的轨迹。     

Cracking Through Hegemonic Ideology: The Logic of Formal Justice

In this analysis I argue for the independent effects on social change of the internal logic of formal justice. Institutionally, oppositional ideas that challenge the legitimacy of a hegemonic system emerge in “safe spaces” that subordinate groups create within a culture dominated by hegemonic ideas. The oppositional ideas derive in part from an existing informal culture of opposition, access to repertories of contention, and favorable openings in the political system. In addition, however, these ideas are often propelled independently by the logic of formal justice, in which, when the reasons for separate treatment have been discredited, equality is the default option. The analysis demonstrates the power of this logic and suggests that it spreads through the mechanism of “organized activist” variation and “everyday activist” selection.