科技法制体系及其重点领域的构建与完善

科技法制体系是我们防范科技的负面作用,实现科技与人、社会和生态环境协调发展的基本保障。构建和完善我国的科技法制体系应着重从指导原则。法律构架和实施重点几个方面入手,既要重视科技法制体系的整体建设,又要重点加强对信息科技和生物科技等主要科技发展领域的法律构建及法律监控。     

生物识别技术及其应用

目前伴随着信息时代的来临以及人们对个人隐私的广泛注重 ,生物识别技术打破了原先在专用领域的应用 ,开始在民用领域悄然兴起。文章就什么是生物识别技术 ,生物识别技术的应用和发展做了大量、全面、细致的介绍 ,在此基础上 ,重点论述了指纹自动识别技术的基本原理及其研究现状     

试论市场经济对公安行政审批范围的制约

公安行政审批与市场经济有着密切的关系,市场经济制约着公安行政审批范围的具体界限。公安行政审批范围受政府失效、市场的优越性、失灵特征的影响而收缩或扩张,它们之间的协调必须把握审批范围的数量、内容、利益性质等方面。     

Exploring Drivers of Innovative Technology Adoption Intention: The Case of Plug‐In Vehicles

How individuals respond to innovative technologies depends on how motivated they are by an array of internal and external factors and the informational and cost barriers they face. To better understand technology adoption decision making we (i) assess changes in intent to purchase plug‐in vehicles in response to reductions in their price and (ii) identify motivators that incline new car buyers toward plug‐ins under status quo and reduced vehicle cost scenarios. We find that individuals already inclined toward alternative vehicles have a higher interest in plug‐ins under a reduced‐cost scenario than individuals who favor conventional vehicles. We also find that individuals who shift their vehicle preference from conventional gasoline to plug‐in vehicles are motivated by material factors and fears relating to the innovative technology, whereas those shifting preferences between less to more innovative technologies are likely to be motivated by a mix of material and nonmaterial factors.     

De-radicalisation interventions as technologies of the self: a Foucauldian analysis

De-radicalisation has become increasingly prevalent in the UK as a strategy for tackling the threat of religiously inspired violence/extremism. Recent events, such as the tragic murder of Lee Rigby in May 2013, British citizens fighting in Middle Eastern conflicts, and the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham, have rekindled the preoccupation of policymakers with the radicalisation of British Muslims. Indeed, the work of the Prevent strategy in UK counterterrorism post-2011 has primarily been recalibrated towards a greater focus on de-radicalisation interventions, which is perceived by policy-makers to be a more streamlined and effective way of dealing with radicalised/extremist individuals. And, yet, despite the greater attention paid to de-radicalisation, the discourse on de-radicalisation is characterised by the absence of detailed research, little or no empirical evidence for policy development, and confusion surrounding its conceptual framework. This article therefore offers an alternative conceptualisation of de-radicalisation to the one found in the Prevent strategy. Drawing on the works of Foucault, I argue that de-radicalisation is best understood as a “technology of the self”. This article will enumerate the interplay between the three major types of technologies that constitute the technologies of the self: discursive, disciplinary, and confessional technology. It is argued that conceptualising de-radicalisation as a technology of the self allows us to reframe it beyond the narrow confines of counterterrorism policy and places it within wider governmental relations.     

Simulation Detection in Handwritten Documents by Forensic Document Examiners

This study documents the results of a controlled experiment designed to quantify the abilities of forensic document examiners (FDEs) and laypersons to detect simulations in handwritten documents. Nineteen professional FDEs and 26 laypersons (typical of a jury pool) were asked to inspect test packages that contained six (6) known handwritten documents written by the same person and two (2) questioned handwritten documents. Each questioned document was either written by the person who wrote the known documents, or written by a different person who tried to simulate the writing of the person who wrote the known document. The error rates of the FDEs were smaller than those of the laypersons when detecting simulations in the questioned documents. Among other findings, the FDEs never labeled a questioned document that was written by the same person who wrote the known documents as “simulation.” There was a significant statistical difference between the responses of the FDEs and layperson for documents without simulations.     

Is Fluorescence Under an Alternate Light Source Sufficient to Accurately Diagnose Subclinical Bruising?

This single‐blinded, randomized validation study was conducted to evaluate whether fluorescence under alternate light sources (ALS) is sufficient to diagnose subclinical bruising (bruising not visible under white light). Standardized trauma was induced on randomly selected ventral forearms. On days 1, 7, and 14 investigators independently examined case forearms under white light for perceived bruising and under ALS for fluorescence and compared body maps. 56 case and 62 control forearms (n = 118) were examined. Sensitivity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 76.8%, 69.6%, and 60.7%, respectively, compared to 69.6%, 60.0%, and 32.1% for white light. The specificity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 51.6%, 59.7%, and 53.2%, respectively, compared to 71.0%, 81.4%, and 86.9% for white light. ALS has increased sensitivity yet low specificity compared to white light in accurately detecting bruises. Fluorescence under ALS is not sufficient to accurately or responsibly diagnose subclinical bruising.     

再论我国违宪审查模式的选择

我国关于违宪审查制度的规定存在明显的缺陷,这种缺陷有着深刻的理论根源。我国应形成宪法监督委员会的立法监督和最高人民法院的司法监督并存的一元多轨模式,促使宪法价值的实现。     

载体法检验微量检材DNA

目的解决微量生物检材DNA检验难题。方法采用载体法对已知微量血样DNA进行检验，再与目前高灵敏度的Chelex-100提取的DNA检验的相应结果进行比较。结果载体法针对微量血样的DNA检验。不但能得到正确的STR分型结果．同时在检验灵敏度上比Chelex-100法高出2倍以上。结论载体法可提高微量生物栓材中DNA检出率，且操作简单，在法医检案工作中具有较高应用价值。     

法医临床学“三期”鉴定中的若干问题思考

在人身损害赔偿案件中,法医学鉴定人经常需要对损伤后的"三期"即休息(误工)、护理、营养时限进行法医学鉴定。目前虽有一些相关标准可供参照,但在实际工作中并不能一概而论。现从当前人身损害赔偿的相关法律法规角度对"三期"的认定范围进行讨论,并结合鉴定实践,对"三期"鉴定时应考虑的因素及鉴定原则(个体化、循证化原则)进行了总结分析,对涉及伤病关系及医疗纠纷的"三期"鉴定进行了讨论,以求对鉴定实践有所裨益。