The consideration of ecological safety in judicial practice — also on the ecological safety legislation

Ecological safety has been one of the hot issues of environmental law in recent years. The maintenance of ecological safety has become one of the legislative principles, as exemplified by the revision of the Law of Sand Prevention and Sand Management and the Law against Solid Waste Environmental Pollution, and the relevant rules that will be established. However actual cases will still happen, whether the legislators have made the statutory law or not. While scholars and legislators are debating, the judges have to handle cases and render judgments. Through the analysis of a case, this article will discuss the feasibility for judges to make ecological safety considerations in the judicial process by applying the principle of good faith and will also discuss the legislative issues related to ecological safety.     

海洋石油开发与污染：兼评美国墨西哥湾溢油事故的海事赔偿责任限制问题

从美国墨西哥湾＂深水地平线＂溢油事故以及＂深水地平线＂所有人海事赔偿责任限制出发,简要介绍海洋石油开发装置及其技术特点,分析美国有关海洋石油开发装置的司法实践,并通过阐述国际油污损害赔偿基金的研究报告和希腊最高法院的裁决,提出有必要就海洋石油开发油污责任问题建立统一的国际公约,或者将海洋石油开发装置解释为船舶,以使其可以享受责任限制。     

论我国环境污染犯罪刑事责任制度

面对纷繁复杂的、日益严重的环境污染犯罪行为,以及当前我国的法律、法规、司法解释的现状,本文认为,应通过建立和完善我国环境污染犯罪刑事责任制度,实现对司法资源的有效整合和配置,达到使污染环境犯罪分子、不认真履行环境监管职责的国家工作人员、环境保护部门和司法机关等,都受到该制度所形成的有机网络规制的目的。     

论船舶油污民事责任主体的扩张性

一直以来,中国学界和司法实践中普遍接受和遵循《1992年国际油污损害民事责任公约》船舶所有人责任专属制度,将船舶油污民事责任主体限定为船舶所有人。然而,船舶油污民事责任主体是否具有扩张性,即是否可以及于船舶所有人以外的当事方却鲜有讨论。针对船舶油污民事责任主体的扩张性,通过对国外立法、司法实践中相关案例及理论基础进行详细分析,并结合中国目前船舶油污事故发生的实际情况及相关法律规定,可以认为扩张船舶油污民事责任主体在中国具有必要性和可行性。     

Innovations in Constructing the Framework of China's Environmental Code —Referencing the Framework of China's Civil Code

The success in compiling China's Civil Code benefits from factors such as China's complete system of civil law statutes, the methodology of the Pandekten System, and the private-law attributes of civil laws, etc. To construct the framework of China's environmental code, it is necessary to reference that success for theoretical and structural innovations. In addition, the fundamental features and inherent issues of China's existing environmental law system, such as its breadth, the extensiveness of origins of environmental law, the multiple implication of environmental legal relations, and the compound nature of the environmental legal liability system, should be taken into account. The layout structure of General—Specifics should be adopted for compiling China's environmental code, while moderate codification and extraction of the common factor (vor die Klammer zu ziehen) for connection with applicable rules of specific laws should serve as construction principles and methods for compiling the framework of China's environmental code. The environmental code should have five parts: General ; Pollution Prevention and Control ; Nature Conservation ; Green and Low-Carbon Development ; and Ecological and Environmental Responsibility.     

Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk

Individuals' risk perceptions shape their attitudes and behaviors, and to the extent that governments respond to public demands, they also influence public policy priorities. Conversely, risk misperceptions—that is, when risk perceptions do not align with realities—may lead to suboptimal behaviors and inefficient public policy. This study investigates the phenomena of environmental risk misperceptions. Specifically, with an original survey that enables a direct comparison of perceived and actual environmental risks at the local level, it examines the relationships between personal attributes and risk misperceptions. The findings show that individuals exhibit optimism bias in assessing local environmental risk. On average, people rank their communities as experiencing less risk from toxic air pollution than objective measures suggest. Moreover, Whites, males, conservatives, and older people tend to have larger optimism bias and have lower chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their counterparts, respectively, while respondents who are married, poor, who go to church regularly, and have strong pro-environmental orientation, tend to have smaller optimism bias and have higher chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their respective counterparts. The systematic misperception of local environmental risk underscores the importance of information provision and risk communication, and the sociopolitical correlates of misperception suggest that targeted and more nuanced strategies are required to correct misperceptions.     

船舶油污损害赔偿中的诉讼主体问题

重点讨论我国船舶油污损害赔偿中经常遇到的两个关键性问题,即谁有权利代表国家提出请求?谁有责任对污染损害进行赔偿?认为在通常情况下只有海洋主管部门有权代表国家提出污染损害赔偿请求,而赔偿主体则通常不仅包括实际漏油船,还应包括货主。     

我国汽车工业可持续发展的几点建议

我国目前汽车工业的发展概况,汽车排放对环境的污染及加入 ＷＴＯ对我国汽车工业可持续发展的影响,就我国汽车工业如何进行可持续发展提出建议。     

农民环境权法律保护的现状审视与思考

＂三农＂问题的核心是农民问题,农民问题的实质是权利问题。当前,我国农村环境问题仍然十分严峻,这表明我国现行法律对农民环境权的保护仍存在不足,须认真进行反思,探索完善措施。     

北京城区逆温气象特征及其对大气污染的影响

逆温是制约北京城区大气污染的主要污染气象条件.文中针对北京城区逆温气象特征和大气污染状况,采取对比分析和相关分析,探讨逆温对大气污染的影响关系及污染物排放量削减措施.