以水质标准为中心完善水污染防治法律制度体系

为满足人民对优美生态环境的需求,水污染防治法应确保对排污行为的控制最终能实现改善水环境质量的目标。与控制排污行为的排放标准不同,规定水体中各项污染物容许浓度的水质标准不仅可以将预设的水质目标转化为水污染防治工作的控制边界,还可以通过准确评价政府部门水污染防治工作的实施效果督促水质目标的实现。因此,水污染防治法应确立水质标准在标准工具中的核心地位。完善水质标准需要加强地方水质标准建设,包括推动地方政府协同制定流域水质标准、逐步推动排放标准与水质标准的分离,以及确立防止水质退化制度。相应地,相关水污染防治法律制度也需要做出调整,例如加强水质达标规划制度建设、构建地方自主型的污染物排放总量控制制度,以及加强水质标准与排污许可制度的衔接。     

Perceptions of the Regulated Community in Environmental Policy: The View from Below

Discussions in environmental policy often focus on the highest levels of decision making and action while paying scant attention to those individuals on the front lines. Among those frequently overlooked are the individuals at regulated facilities who interact with government regulators on a frequent basis. Interviews with nearly two dozen facility personnel in Virginia yield findings that challenge common perceptions of the relationships between facility personnel and inspectors. In particular, 86 percent of facility personnel, representing a range of regulated facilities from prisons to landfills to dry cleaners, said their interactions with inspectors were positive. Approximately 70 percent of them said that they trust inspectors and provided evidence of trust in their stories. The ramifications of these findings for environmental policy could be potentially significant because facility personnel are presumed to be adversarial, if not outright hostile, and this assumption impacts the design and implementation of environmental regulations.     

Do citizens hold mayors accountable for local conditions? Evidence from Italian municipalities

Using data on 75 big Italian municipalities between 2010 and 2015, this paper looks at the extent to which citizens’ evaluations of mayors are responsive to changes in local performance indicators. While local economic and crime measures are found not be associated with mayoral approval ratings, there is a correlation between mayors’ popularity and indicators for local public transportation and air quality. Mayors of municipalities where more individuals use public transport and where there is less polluted air enjoy higher approval ratings. Additional analysis shows that this result is driven by very big municipalities (with a population over 500,000) that are more likely to be exposed to high levels of traffic congestion and pollution.     

北京市大气能见度初步研究

大气能见度在一定程度上反映了环境污染的程度 ,文中在大量测试数据和分析研究的基础上对北京市大气能见度的现状、分布特征及影响因素进行了简要的论述。     

燃油公约背景下的船舶油污损害法律研究

2009年3月9日,《国际船用燃料油污染损害民事责任公约（2001）》正式在中国生效。加上《1969年国际油污损害民事责任公约》及其1992年议定书,中国已经成为海洋油污损害方面最主要的两个国际性法律文件的缔约国。在公约背景之下,主要涉及的问题包括公约适用条件、责任主体、求偿范围、责任限制,等等。本文通过对比和分析国际公约和中国国内法的具体规则,以期揭示涉外船舶油污损害案件的相关实体法问题,为合理选择国内法和公约提供一定参考。     

中德环境污染犯罪立法比较研究

环境污染犯罪是当今世界各国普遍关注的一种环境犯罪类型,德国在这方面的立法较为先进。通过比较中德环境污染犯罪的立法,可以为我国的立法完善带来启示。为了有效预防、惩治环境污染犯罪,我国有必要借鉴德国立法经验,在环境污染犯罪法律规定模式、保护法益、主客观成罪条件、证明方法及处罚等方面进行改革和完善。     

城市饮用水水源污染防治对策

城市饮用水水源污染已成为制约城市经济、社会发展和人民生活正常需要的一个突出问题。文章针对当前我国城市饮用水水源保护中存在的问题 ,探讨如何强化城市饮用水水源污染防治措施 ,切实做好城市饮用水水源保护工作     

浅析钻井平台油污损害赔偿立法的完善——由渤海湾溢油事故引发的思考

发生在2011年的渤海湾溢油事故,暴露出我国油污损害赔偿制度的严重缺陷。本文在分析国际公约、国内立法及钻井平台法律属性的基础上,对钻井平台油污损害赔偿的立法完善提出建议：在立法形式上,应修改《海洋环境保护法》,在其确立的框架下制定具体规范钻井平台和船舶油污损害赔偿问题的《油污法》;在制度内容上,应加大行政处罚力度,建立强制责任保险制度和损害赔偿基金制度,并通过保障受害者的知情权等为其民事求偿提供支持。     

The Right to Know? State Politics of Fracking Disclosure

U.S. energy firms are increasingly expanding their production of natural gas oftentimes by relying on a controversial extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing. While proponents cite a litany of benefits including economic development and reduced carbon emissions, opponents articulate concerns typically centering on environmental quality. Caught between these opposing points of view, states are turning to disclosure requirements. Yet all disclosure statutes are not created equally. In order to better understand this variation, I utilize Abel, Stephan, and Kraft's (ASK) 2007 performance model, which evaluates the effectiveness of information‐based disclosure rules for industry. The model here, however, is applied in an attempt to understand why disclosure regulations emerge and vary across states. Results generally validate the ASK approach but with one caveat. I find that in the context of differing disclosure regulations, the ASK model's pollution severity/risk measure may be refined by including risk perception.     

Moves Afoot to Subdue Smog

正SMOG has been the bane of Chinese people’s lives in recent years.But as Premier Li Keqiang recently announced to the nation and the entire international community,China is to declare war on pollution.Although fraught