环境正义视野下农民污染受害救济探微

我国在经济高速发展的同时,农民污染受害事件也频频发生,作为环境弱势群体的农民的环境权益维护应该予以关注。在环境正义视野下对癌症村落污染受害个案进行分析,以国外相关救济方式为借鉴,分析其利弊,最终得出我国救济方式的应然选择：以事前救济和事后救济双重模式为基础,法律和经济相结合为手段,保障我国污染受害农民的切身利益。     

上海交通“钓鱼执法”探析

由于公共交通体系不完善,"黑车"猖獗一时。为了遏制"黑车",在依法行政的大环境下,取证成为必须解决的难题。面对"取证难",政府机关决定奖励举报者,却无意中催生了职业"钓饵"的出现,导致"钓鱼执法"现象。"钓鱼执法"的深层次原因是执法权力的"传声污染",而非坊间广为流传的"利益链"说。"钓鱼执法"对和谐社会建设和诚信政府建设都有较大破坏作用。采取适当措施,杜绝"钓鱼执法"势在必行。     

庭院污染：二元结构与国家不在场的合谋

庭院污染与农民环保意识的缺乏、不良的生活习惯有关，而其深层次的原因则是城乡二元结构与国家不在场的合谋。     

Perceptions of the Regulated Community in Environmental Policy: The View from Below

Discussions in environmental policy often focus on the highest levels of decision making and action while paying scant attention to those individuals on the front lines. Among those frequently overlooked are the individuals at regulated facilities who interact with government regulators on a frequent basis. Interviews with nearly two dozen facility personnel in Virginia yield findings that challenge common perceptions of the relationships between facility personnel and inspectors. In particular, 86 percent of facility personnel, representing a range of regulated facilities from prisons to landfills to dry cleaners, said their interactions with inspectors were positive. Approximately 70 percent of them said that they trust inspectors and provided evidence of trust in their stories. The ramifications of these findings for environmental policy could be potentially significant because facility personnel are presumed to be adversarial, if not outright hostile, and this assumption impacts the design and implementation of environmental regulations.     

北京市大气能见度初步研究

大气能见度在一定程度上反映了环境污染的程度 ,文中在大量测试数据和分析研究的基础上对北京市大气能见度的现状、分布特征及影响因素进行了简要的论述。     

城市饮用水水源污染防治对策

城市饮用水水源污染已成为制约城市经济、社会发展和人民生活正常需要的一个突出问题。文章针对当前我国城市饮用水水源保护中存在的问题 ,探讨如何强化城市饮用水水源污染防治措施 ,切实做好城市饮用水水源保护工作     

Community Privilege and Environmental Justice: An Agent‐Based Analysis

Several theories compete to explain observed race‐ and ethnicity‐based environmental injustice in society. This paper focuses on analyzing the extent to which firms' siting decisions based on community privilege can explain this outcome. A unique feature of this analysis is that we include analysis of both unwanted land uses (disamenity firms) and desired land uses (amenity firms). The environmental justice analysis of amenities other than green spaces is rare, but amenities are crucial components of urban areas to which environmental justice studies must attend. We use an agent‐based model to explore community outcomes when environmental disamenities choose locations based on low community privilege, and compare this with scenarios in which disamenities only seek to minimize the cost of land. We also assess differences in environmental justice outcomes when amenities choose locations in areas with high community privilege. While disamenities' focus on locating in areas with low community privilege indeed affects environmental equity, the effect of amenity location is also important, and there are powerful interaction effects. The importance of privilege‐based location is found in these simulations regardless of which social group—majority or minority—is assumed to be the privileged group. This study suggests a limitation of EJ policies and models that focus on the politics of disamenity siting without considering the politics of amenity siting.     

Do citizens hold mayors accountable for local conditions? Evidence from Italian municipalities

Using data on 75 big Italian municipalities between 2010 and 2015, this paper looks at the extent to which citizens’ evaluations of mayors are responsive to changes in local performance indicators. While local economic and crime measures are found not be associated with mayoral approval ratings, there is a correlation between mayors’ popularity and indicators for local public transportation and air quality. Mayors of municipalities where more individuals use public transport and where there is less polluted air enjoy higher approval ratings. Additional analysis shows that this result is driven by very big municipalities (with a population over 500,000) that are more likely to be exposed to high levels of traffic congestion and pollution.     

Front‐line Regulators and their Approach to Environmental Regulation in Southwest Ohio

Regulatory approaches and strategies are frequently the subject of study in various literatures, but that examination focuses on practices rather than looking more deeply at the nature of regulatory interactions. Also missing is a more thorough look at what it is front‐line regulators—in this case, environmental inspectors and site coordinators—desire in their interactions and how they perceive their regulatory counterparts. Interviews with regulators in Southwest Ohio reveal that 82 percent of them think the regulated community intends to comply with regulations. Additionally, 71 percent of regulators say that their interactions are positive with the regulated community with three‐quarters indicating that trust plays a role in these interactions. Only 36 percent of interviewees prefer a clear cut and consistent approach while the rest favor a collaborative approach or some combination thereof. These findings should impact discussions concerning regulatory approaches in environmental policy, particularly conversations concerning next‐generation policies.     

论环境污染侵权责任的归责原则及其具体类型

严格责任原则应为环境污染侵权责任之基本归责原则。严格责任与公平责任应共同构成环境污染侵权责任之二元归责体系,即以严格责任(无过错责任)为主,以公平责任为辅,同时,辅之以一系列的创新机制,从而构成符合我国国情的环境污染侵权责任的归责原则体系。水污染、大气污染、固体废弃物污染、海洋污染、有害有毒物质污染、环境噪音污染、能量污染、破坏自然资源造成的环境污染以及转基因产品污染等侵权行为,均应列入我国民法典之侵权法编中。