Policy Alternatives in Adaptive Communities: Simulating the Environmental Justice Consequences of Hazardous Site Remediation Strategies

Many governments have implemented environmental justice mandates requiring agencies to consider the implications of cleanup decisions for poor and/or minority populations. To the extent that this mandate alters decisions, it usually does so by considering the composition of a community in the present without adjusting for potential demographic changes that may occur over time. However, communities change and these changes are likely to affect how well an agency meets its environmental justice mandate over the long term. In this research, an agent‐based model is introduced to simulate how alternative environmental remediation scenarios may affect environmental justice outcomes in a dynamic residential environment with two demographic classes with preferences for living in proximity to neighbors similar to themselves. Under these circumstances, there is unlikely to be one best strategy to achieve both environmental improvement and environmental equity, and a focus on valuable land is the least effective over the long run.     

水域污染损害有关监测及评估鉴定问题

针对油污对海洋环境造成的生态损害和渔业资源损失索赔的实务问题,采用法定监测机构作出专业监测评估报告,为损害索赔提供技术依据的方法,从监测报告的特性、内容及其监测的方法,分析得出专业监测报告属于民事诉讼证据中的＂鉴定结论＂,应当作为认定损害的依据,并提出渔业主管部门对渔业资源损害的调查权和代表国家行使渔业资源损失的索赔权并存时并无利害关系的观点。     

世界主要国家和地区土壤污染防治基本制度比较研究

虽然世界主要国家的经济发展状况、土壤污染状况、技术水平、法制传统、环境管理体制等诸多方面都存在着很大的差异,但是关于土壤污染防治基本制度,还是存在着很多相同或类似的制度设计。这些相近相似的规定,恰恰反映了土壤污染防治的规律,值得我国借鉴。这些具有共性和典型意义的基本制度有：土壤污染监测制度、土壤污染调查制度、土壤污染管制区制度、污染土壤管制制度、污染土壤修复和整治制度、土壤污染防治相关专门机构制度、土壤污染整治基金制度、土壤污染登记制度、土壤污染信息披露制度、土壤污染责任制度等。     

论受害人对船舶油污责任保险人的直接请求权——兼谈《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》第97条的立法完善

在船舶油污损害赔偿领域设置保险和保证赔偿制度是保护受害人充分赔偿的需要,也是特殊侵权损害赔偿制度发展的必然。船舶油污责任保险具有适用范围特定性以及保险的强制性等特点。船舶油污损害赔偿公约体系确立了受害人对油污责任保险人或保证人的直接诉讼制度,但有着特定的适用范围,并赋予了保险人较为宽泛的抗辩事由。《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》借鉴国际公约,确立了受害人对油污责任保险人的诉讼制度,但由于缺乏配套制度,实践中该制度的适用比较混乱。建议中国建立以油污强制责任保险制度为核心的船舶油污责任制度,明定责任保险人直接被诉的情形,以及在直接被诉情形下的抗辩事由,同时明确责任保险人承担责任的形式等。     

论农村环境污染防治的法律问题

当前,我国农村环境污染问题尤为突出,其现状已不容乐观。从法律角度分析,造成我国当前农村环境污染现状的原因既包括立法层面,也包括执法和司法层面。立法层面表现为,农村环境立法的不完善导致农村环境污染防治无法可依;执法层面表现为,农村环境执法的不力客观上放纵了环境污染行为,导致农村环境污染的进一步加剧;司法层面表现为,环境案件的久拖不决以及不公正的处理结果使农村环境污染防治失去强有力的司法保障。因此,加强农村环境污染防治必须完善我国农村环境立法,强化农村环境执法以及加强对农村环境的司法保障。     

汽车简易工况法排放限值的制定原则和方法

国家环保总局于2005年5月30日颁布了“点燃式发动机汽车排放污染物排放限值及测量方法”(GB18285—2005),自2005年7月1日起实施。本文详述了汽车简易工况法排放限值的制定原则和方法。     

北京市机动车排放控制管理实践

为实现城市交通与环境可持续发展,就要在满足交通需求的同时,尽力减少机动车污染排放,减少能源消耗.控制机动车排放污染,改善城市环境空气质量,需要采取综合的对策与措施.就北京市近年来在控制机动车排放污染方面采取的对策、措施、效果及存在问题等,做一简要介绍与分析.     

加强环境法制建设为可持续发展提供法律保障

环境问题是人类面临的重大问题之一.环境问题在我国尤为突出.为了解决环境问题,我们必须实施可持续发展战略.而可持续发展战略的实施,需要环境法制作保障.本文从环境立法、环境执法等方面提出了加强环境法制建设的一些措施.     

Toxic waste and public procurement: The defense sector as a disproportionate contributor to pollution from public–private partnerships

Public procurement is a large sector of the economy with most procurement going to the defense sector. Procurement by the defense sector includes purchases made through contracts to private businesses that manufacture durable goods. Manufacturing of these goods results in pollution production with toxic wastes being among the most dangerous pollutants for public health. Despite green purchasing policy goals, most transactions in the United States through defense contracts result in disproportionately high-toxic pollution releases by manufacturers. We find that persistent exemptions granted defense agencies from following green purchasing policy result in a landscape where contractor environmental performance is unchanging with defense contractors persistently polluting in high amounts. Further, we find that defense contractors are linked to most toxic releases from procurement meaning that exemptions may be hindering potential advancements from green purchasing policy. Results can inform the design of new guidance about procurement and expand understanding of environmental inequality.