制度创新、区域分工协作与长江经济带良性发展——基于国外流域经济带发展经验的思考

该文在定量分析长江经济带经济发展、产业分工协作等现状的基础上,较为深入地分析了当前长江经济带发展中所存在的主要问题,文章还结合美国密西西比河和欧洲莱茵河流域经济带发展的经验,就中国长江经济带良性发展提出了相关政策建议。     

上海自由贸易试验区对我国涉外经济法制转型的影响

上海自贸区正式获准成立,这是中国法治转型中的重大创新。上海自贸区内通过临时性的授权调整,逐步推进行政审批体制改革,实行准入前国民待遇和"负面清单"管理模式,以此推进政府职能转变;在投资领域努力扩大服务业的投资开放、促进外商投资准入制的转轨、构筑对外投资服务促进法律体系;在贸易领域积极推动贸易结构的转型升级、提升国际航运服务能级;在金融领域应加快金融制度创新,增强金融服务能力,实现"在岸金融"与"离岸金融"的互动;并在争议解决机制构建方面也进行了卓有成效的探索。     

THE EDGE OF STIGMA: AN EXPERIMENTAL AUDIT OF THE EFFECTS OF LOW‐LEVEL CRIMINAL RECORDS ON EMPLOYMENT

Ample experimental evidence shows that the stigma of a prison record reduces employment opportunities (Pager, 2007). Yet background checks today uncover a much broader range of impropriety, including arrests for minor crimes never resulting in formal charges. This article probes the lesser boundaries of stigma, asking whether and how employers consider low‐level arrests in hiring decisions. Matched pairs of young African American and White men were sent to apply for 300 entry‐level jobs, with one member of each pair reporting a disorderly conduct arrest that did not lead to conviction. We find a modest but nontrivial effect, with employer callback rates about 4 percentage points lower for the experimental group than for the matched control group. Interviews with the audited employers suggest three mechanisms to account for the lesser stigma of misdemeanor arrests relative to felony convictions: 1) greater employer discretion and authority in the former case; 2) calibration of the severity, nature, and timing of the offense; and 3) a deeply held presumption of innocence, which contrasts the uncertainty of arrest with the greater certainty represented by convictions. In addition, personal contact and workplace diversity play important roles in the hiring process.     

长吉图开发开放先导区的区域引力与产业布局研究

长吉图开发开放先导区的成立,为东北亚的发展带来了新的机遇。虽然长吉图开发开放先导区内存在着两个经济中心,但延图龙地区的经济发展辐射能力明显低于长吉图。经过近十年的发展,使得长吉图的一体化趋势更加明显,该核心区的第二产业实力雄厚,第三产业发展相对落后;而延图龙核心区第二产业与周边地区产业发展存在脱离现象,未能实现优势互补,第三产业发展势头较好,但现阶段的辐射能力不足。因此,必须加大延图龙及珲春市的建设,推进另一个经济中心的快速增长;大力推进长吉图区域的交通建设,促进产业升级及转变产业增长方式。     

Understanding of and memory for a complex auditory event: an experimental case study to resolve an evidentiary issue in a trial

While many studies have focused on eyewitness’ perception and memory, few studies on earwitness’ ability to understand and remember complex sound events have been conducted. The present study included 73 participants and explored whether it is possible for children and adults to understand and later recall a complex sound event. The aim was to resolve an evidentiary issue in a trial concerning a 7-year-old child’s earwitness testimony and whether is it possible to understand a complex sound environment based solely on aural perception. The participants listened to a recording that replicated the aurally perceived situation described by the child witness in his testimony. The results showed, that adults and children could identify only a few, familiar sounds of the 16 sounds presented in free recall. They recognized the correct sounds poorly (51.9% vs. chance level of 50%): significantly better than chance only if the retention interval was immediate and the sounds could be heard clearly (57.5%). The results suggest that the participants were not able to understand what was transpiring and, thus, could not later recall the sound events. The findings highlight that understanding this kind of a complex sound event is a difficult task and that the experimental role of a witness psychologist is valuable for resolving evidentiary issues for the court. The implications for the case and the limitations of the study were discussed.     

论国际社会打击索马里海盗的国际法依据

索马里海盗的猖獗行为,对国际航运和海上航行安全构成了严重危害,是对国际和平及安全的威胁与破坏。在索马里沿海打击海盗,涉及不同的海域,各海域法律制度的特殊性决定了在不同的海域打击海盗有不同的国际法依据,涉及不同的国际公约规则。文章依据有关公约和学者学说,结合安理会的有关决议,分析和阐明了在各海域打击索马里海盗的国际法依据,也有助于中国海军依法护航,依法维护国家利益。     

Effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity‐based treatment program for violent and sexual offenders: Results of a retrospective,quasi‐experimental study

Purpose

Relapse prevention is an important goal in correctional settings. Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of certain treatment programs for juvenile offenders, those for adults lack such evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a risk–need–responsivity (RNR)‐based intervention.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental, observational study design and cox regression analysis were used to compare treated violent and sexual offenders (n = 171) with untreated offenders (n = 241).

Results

Both groups were observed for an average of 7.9 years. Recidivism rates of treated offenders (11.7%, n = 20) were similar to those of control offenders (15.8%, n = 38; p = .25). When controlling for confounding variables, the hazard of recidivism in the treatment group was 5.2% lower than that in the control group. Subdividing the treatment group resulted in lower hazard ratios for offenders still in therapy when released and offenders cancelling therapy. However, none of the group differences was statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our results show that control and RNR‐based treatment groups had comparable recidivism rates with a trend towards a positive treatment effect, especially for people in outpatient treatment. However, criminal history, age at the start of follow‐up, and actuarial risk of recidivism were significantly associated with recidivism. Future research needs to apply elaborate methodological approaches to detect robust treatment effects and consider different criteria of treatment effectiveness. Furthermore, the influence of prison climate, motivational factors, intervention quality, and factors supporting the success of outpatient treatment should be considered in future studies of larger offender samples.     

“为己利他”行为机理对两类差序性行为的解释——一些来自行为实验的证据

一系列的行为实验表明,受试者除了关注自身的物质收益之外,还重视公平和互惠,这体现了行为者的社会性和道德性。同时,这种互惠和公平并非是平面性的而是立体性的,不是等序性的而是差序性的,这体现了人类行为的道德差序性和社会差序性。显然,这些实验结果与主流博弈理论的逻辑推论间存在很大差异。     

论自由贸易区试验下的反洗钱监管法制

自由贸易区试验下频繁流动的跨境资金以及相对宽松的监管环境必然对自贸区及整个国家的反洗钱工作形成挑战。犯罪分子通过多种方式利用自贸区洗钱或进行恐怖融资,严重影响自贸区的国际信誉,冲击国家金融秩序甚至危及社会稳定。我国应当进一步落实FATF《新四十项建议》,同时借鉴发达国家针对自贸区洗钱的反洗钱经验,建立并完善我国的自贸区反洗钱监管法制。有必要完善与国际标准接轨的多层次的监管法律体系,全面推行风险为本的反洗钱方式,同时在部际联席会议制度下协调中央与自贸区及各部门之间的监管,在国际层面上进一步加强反洗钱的国际合作。     

试论高觉敷对20世纪中国儿童心理学的贡献

高觉教毛重是我国名的心理学史家,同时他也在儿童心理学领域有着突出的贡献。本就其在译介国外儿童作、撰儿童心理学理论章、从事儿童心理与教育发展的具体研究等方面作一初步介绍一探讨,以肯定一代学术大师对２０世纪中国儿童心理学的巨大贡献。