美国REITs对完善中国房地产信托法律的启示

采用资金型REITs发展模式的美国,经过近50年的发展已经成为全球最成熟的市场.本文在对我国房地产金融市场和初期REITs过程存在问题进行探讨的基础上,分析美国REITs成长性的成功原因,并探讨有利于我国REITs可持续发展的外延式扩张模式.     

论侦查局道

侦查局道,指的是侦查谋略、圈套的运用方法和艺术。侦查局道具有进攻性与针对性、诡道性与隐蔽性、新奇性与应变性的特点,巧妙运用侦查局道,可以克敌制胜,及时有效地揭露犯罪和证实犯罪。侦查主体在运用侦查局道侦破案件时,要善于设局、控局和打破僵局。     

What consideration sets can teach us about electoral competition: A two-hurdle model

Consideration set models (CSMs) offer a novel way to study electoral behavior. Until now, they have been mostly studied at the micro-level of the voter's decision process. By contrast, we focus on the implications of CSMs for understanding the phenomenon of party competition. We propose a two hurdle model whereby parties compete for both consideration and selection, pursuant the consideration and choice stages of the CSM. We operationalize these hurdles in terms of a party's inclusivity—is it being considered?—and exclusivity—is it considered on its own?—and formally derive lower- and upper-bounds for the electoral fortunes of the party. We also show how consideration set data can be used to sketch the competition landscape in an election and to characterize the system-wide competitiveness of a political system. We illustrate our concepts and ideas using data from the 2010 Dutch and 2014 Swedish parliamentary elections.     

组织他人偷越国(边)境罪司法认定若干问题解析

组织他人偷越国(边)境罪的组织包括集团犯罪、一般共同犯罪和单独犯罪,协助组织包括但不限于首要分子指挥下实施的拉拢、引诱、介绍;持用骗领的出入境证件而出入境属于偷越,但要予以适当限定。本罪侵害的直接客体是我国的出入境许可制度,以被组织人通过实际国(边)界线或者边防检查为既遂标准。视不同情形,本罪与其他妨害出入境管理秩序犯罪分别形成牵连、吸收或者想象竞合关系。     

也论仲裁第三人制度

目前部分仲裁较发达的国家和国际仲裁机构已经试行了仲裁第三人程序.而我国对于仲裁第三人制度的立场当前正处在徘徊中,部分仲裁机构曾进行过实践,但是现在又放弃了改革.司法实践中曾意图构建该制度,但是迄今尚未完成.而我国的《合同法》、《民法通则》、《公司法》、《保险法》等法律中已有仲裁协议扩展的立法和理论基础,因此,可以在此基础上构建我国的仲裁第三人制度.     

营建西部开发的文化氛围

目前 ,西部开发已成为国内外注目的焦点 ,在党中央的部署下 ,西部开发正在得到全国人民的支持 ,向纵深发展着。文章认为 ,西部开发战略的实施给西部人民带来了机遇 ,但有了机遇并不等于经济就能发展起来。尤其值得注意地是 ,开发西部必须发挥西部人自身的能动性 ,在加快经济建设的同时 ,要加快文化建设 ,要营建西部开发的文化氛围。     

侵害债权制度法律性质考察

债的相对性原则对保护个人自由的作用卓有成效。但随着人类社会化程度提高,相互依赖性增强,限制个人自由滥用的客观要求日益迫切。为顺应上述社会需要,应突破债的相对性原则,建立侵害债权制度。基于传统债法理论的一些观点没有且无法真正反映该制度的本质,债权物权化理论才是解释该制度唯一可行的观点。     

How (often) do voters change their consideration sets?

The consideration set model posits that in multi-party elections voters decide in two stages. We expect that in the consideration stage, when voters select viable options, ideological proximity is a key determinant, while in the choice stage election-specific factors become particularly important. This would imply that consideration sets are rather stable and that changes in voting preferences occur mainly within ideologically coherent consideration sets. This study examines both claims by analyzing panel survey data from Sweden and the Netherlands. Consideration sets were indeed rather stable, more so than voting intentions. After one year, voters still considered the same party in 81% of cases and only 13% of respondents shifted between ideological camps. This indicates that voters changed electoral preferences primarily within the boundaries of relatively stable consideration sets and ideological camps. These findings help to understand how elections can be volatile, despite the strong impact of highly stable ideological orientations.     

注重考试环节提高教学质量

考试是教学的重要环节,不同的学科、不同的课程有不同的特点。命题应严格遵循全面考核,突出重点,理论联系实际,注重考查学生的实务操作能力这一原则。在试题内容上,应难易适度;在阅卷方式上,应根据题型的不同采用不同的判分标准;在应试技巧上,应教导学生要懂、吃透基础知识,学会总结典型题型。同时应加强学生考前模拟训练。     

模糊数学理论在量刑中的应用

在模糊集合中,给定范围内元素对它的隶属关系不仅有“是”或“非”两种情况,更有中间过渡状态,用介于0和1之间的实数来表示隶属程度。刑法中的量刑情节具有模糊性,没有明确的外延,但却有着隶属度的不同。在量刑中引入模糊数学理论,利用隶属度函数将不同的量刑情节数值化,然后在量的基础上进行综合评估,有助于量刑的科学化。