Internal validation of 29 autosomal SNP multiplex using a ABI 310 genetic analyser

In the last few years genetic identification and paternity testing have begun to make increasing use of autosomal SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) typing as a supplement or alternative to STR analysis. With the improvement in detection technology SNP analysis is likely to be easier and more sensitive, with the generation of new methods and multiplex systems for a growing array of SNP markers. SNPforID consortium developed 52 SNP PCR multiplex for human identification purposes detected with 23 plex and 29 plex single base extension reactions (Auto1 and 2 respectively). In this study, internal validation for the 29 SNPs of Auto2 was carried out by performing a 29 plex PCR and single base extension reaction on control samples and previously analyzed forensic casework and subsequent detection with an AB 310 Genetic Analyzer. We tested the accuracy, precision, sensitivity and reproducibility of the Auto2 multiplex with this instrument in our laboratory. We used 9947A control DNA samples of the AmpF?STR Identifiler™ kit to test the validation parameters together with non-probative DNA samples from whole blood and buccal swab samples of 29 healthy donors from different parts of Istanbul. Good results were obtained but interpretation of the peak patterns obtained on the AB 310 requires care and thorough optimization before they can be readily compard to those obtained from multiple capillary AB 31xx Analyzers. We succesfully optimized and validated the SNPforID Auto2 multiplex system for identification analyses in our laboratory.     

论民族团结是构建和谐新疆的重要基石

没有民族团结,就没有新疆改革发展稳定的一切.历史与现实的经验一再证明:民族团结始终是构建和谐新疆的基本前提和重要保证;照顾民族特点、坚持民族平等、发展民族地区经济、落实民族宗教政策,维护好民族团结是构建和谐新疆的重要基础;坚持并实施好民族区域自治制度,维护好民族团结是构建和谐新疆的基本保障;建立和巩固社会主义民族关系,维护好民族团结是构建和谐新疆的核心.     

论行政许可的几个问题

行政许可兼有赋予权利和解除禁止两方面的性质 ;行政许可行为的基本形态是对当事人的申请作出准许或不准许的决定 ;行政许可既可以采取书面方式 ,也可以采取其他方式 ;行政许可必须以法律的一般禁止为前提。针对当前行政许可存在的问题 ,应着重从三个方面加强行政许可行为的规范 :一是应规范行政许可的设定 ;二是应明确行政许可的标准和条件 ;三是应完善行政许可的程序     

“微腐败”的生成机理和治理之道

厘清“微腐败”的内涵和外延有利于在反腐实践中准确认定事实,精准处理腐败问题。由于对“微腐败”的误读,导致实践上反对“微腐败”的行为遮蔽了真正的腐败行为。理解“微腐败”不能离开典型腐败这一重要参照物。不管“微腐败”在表现形式上如何多样化,始终离不开权力滥用这一核心问题。治理“微腐败”不能在不改变权力结构的情况下去强调官员的道德自觉,而应该从制度上压缩腐败的滋生空间。     

重复与隐喻 架构与节奏——浅谈莫言长篇小说《蛙》的写作技法

文学写作作为作者使用文学语言描述艺术形象、表达思想情感的一种创造性的审美心智活动,不仅具有富含感性特征、典型化描摹等共性特点,同时还具有更多私人经验。以2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言的长篇小说《蛙》为例进行分析发现,其从确立故事主题到筛选人物关系、扩展推进情节的各环节中,以"重复"的方式不断丰富故事架构,进而用隐喻等方式严格控制小说节奏,从而带给人震撼性的阅读体验。     

Evaluating the Efficiency of Primer Extension Capture as a Method to Enrich DNA Extractions,

In this study, we sought to document the efficiency of primer extension capture (PEC) as a method to enrich DNA eluates of targeted DNA molecules and remove nontarget molecules from pools containing both. Efficiency of the method was estimated by comparing number of “copies in” to “copies out” by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PEC retention of DNA targets ranging 109‐288 base pairs (bps) in length was 15.88–2.14% (i.e., loss of 84.12–97.86% of target molecules). Experimental modifications of the PEC method resulted in no significant improvements. However, the benefit of PEC was revealed in its ability to remove most nontarget DNA molecules (99.99%). We also discovered that many (56.69%) of the target molecules are “lost” prior to their immobilization on the streptavidin‐coated beads. These estimates of methodological efficiency are directly comparable to previous ones observed following “fishing” for DNA, an alternative method for DNA enrichment.     

德国、日本少年司法制度的变迁及其启示

德、日两国少年司法制度产生及改革的历史变迁过程具有不同的特征。在法律后果的一元制或二元制、运行机制的双轨制或单轨制以及少年司法的扩张路径等三个方面，两个国家少年司法制度的变迁历史，均对我国少年司法制度的构建有着重要的启发意义。     

“YFlag” – A Single‐base Extension Primer Based Method for Gender Determination

Assigning the gender of a DNA contributor in forensic analysis is typically achieved using the amelogenin test. Occasionally, this test produces false‐positive results due to deletions occurring on the Y chromosome. Here, a four‐marker “YFlag” method is presented to infer gender using single‐base extension primers to flag the presence (or absence) of Y‐chromosome DNA within a sample to supplement forensic STR profiling. This method offers built‐in redundancy, with a single marker being sufficient to detect the presence of male DNA. In a study using 30 male and 30 female individuals, detection of male DNA was achieved with c. 0.03 ng of male DNA. All four markers were present in male/female mixture samples despite the presence of excessive female DNA. In summary, the YFlag system offers a method that is reproducible, specific, and sensitive, making it suitable for forensic use to detect male DNA.     

提高理论素养，树立科学观念——浅谈“两课”结合教学的必要性

当代军校学员不仅要掌握高科技、现代化的军事作战理论,而且还要树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观.因此本文就如何将马克思主义理论课和忠诚卫士修养课二者相容,使其内容在课堂上更加丰富有力,同时更能拓展学员的视野,从而为造就合格的、德才兼备的武警现代警官提供政治保证.     

论网络犯罪的概念和特点

正确认识网络犯罪的概念和特点 ,无疑有利于对其打击和防范。网络犯罪的概念是 :违反法律规定 ,利用信息技术进行的以网络为基础并妨害网络正常运行秩序 ,严重危害社会 ,依法应负刑事责任的行为。网络犯罪具有隐蔽性高 ,事先多经过周密策划和精心准备 ,犯罪风险小而收益大 ,侵害对象广且危害大 ,作案具有连续性 ,内部人作案或内外勾结作案多等特点。