证券内幕交易民事责任功能质疑

在内幕交易中,内幕人的交易行为和公司内部信息不公开实际上有不同的受害者。内幕交易行为和投资者损失之间通常没有因果关系,投资者所遭受的损失主要来自市场信息风险。如果法律在技术上允许因果关系推定以便利民事诉讼,就应当限制内幕交易人的赔偿责任,没有理由将投资者的市场决策风险转嫁给事后被发现的内幕交易者。受调查能力等限制,民事诉讼在协助执法、威慑内幕交易方面的功能是极其有限的。通过不同方式加强公共尤其是行政执法是更有效率的政策选择。     

疫学因果关系及其证明

侵权法有关因果关系的一般理论有助于从总体上理解法律上的因果关系的性质与特征,却很难将其直接适用于对特定侵权类型的因果关系判断.疫学因果关系理论对司法审判实践中如何认定特定类型的环境侵权因果关系具有重要的指导意义,却未受到我国理论界的重视.将疫学型环境侵权的因果关系分为一般因与特定因,不但可以从理论上更为清晰地界定此类侵权因果关系的特征,还可以为在司法审判实践中判断因果关系是否存在提供参考框架.证明一般因存在与否的关键证据为流行病学证据,而证明特定因存在与否的证据则包括暴露学、临床医学、病理学等科学证据以及其他的一般证据.在对科学证据进行司法审查的基础上,结合其他证据和具体案情对因果关系作出司法判断,才有可能对疫学型环境侵权案件作出合理判决.     

Interpretation,judgement and dialogue: a hermeneutical recollection of causal analysis in critical terrorism studies

ABSTRACT

This article problematises Critical Terrorism Studies’s (CTS) seeming reluctance to engage in causal explanation. An analysis of the meta-theoretical assumptions on causation in both orthodox and critical terrorism studies reveals that the latter’s refusal to incorporate causal analysis in its broader research agenda reproduces – despite its commitment to epistemological pluralism – the former’s understanding of causation as the only sustainable one. Elemental to this understanding is the idea that causation refers to the regular observation of constant conjunction. Due to the positivist leanings of such a conception, CTS is quick to dismiss it as consolidating Orthodox Terrorism Studies’s lack of critical self-reflexivity, responsibility of the researcher, and dedication towards informing state-led policies of counterterrorism. Drawing on recent work in the philosophy of science and International Relations, this article advances an alternative understanding of causation that emphasises its interpretative, normative and dialogical fabric. It is therefore argued that CTS should reclaim causal analysis as an essential element of its research agenda. This not only facilitates a more robust challenge against Orthodox Terrorism Studies’ conventional understanding of causation but also consolidates CTS’s endeavour of deepening and broadening our understanding that (re)embeds terrorist violence in its historical and social context.     

论行政事实行为救济制度的构建

行政事实行为的出现源于行政职能的变化。行政职能从以管理为主转变为以服务为主 ,导致行政事实行为这种新的行为型态产生。行政事实行为较多表现为行使职权过程中的侵权行为 ,急需对之进行规范。基于此 ,从行政复议、国家赔偿、行政诉讼等方面 ,对行政事实行为的救济制度的构建提出设想     

论输血及血液制品感染的侵权责任——基于日本法上的经验

在医学界,血液被称为"生命的源泉"。然而,近年来,随着临床用血和血液制品使用的大量增加,患者感染梅毒、肝炎、甚至艾滋病的案例已屡见不鲜。而上世纪末,我们的邻国日本也曾遭遇过同样的"血液之殇",日本司法实践在处理诸如"东大梅毒事件"、"药害肝炎事件"、"药害艾滋事件"上的成功经验会带给我国怎样的启示,以下将对日本法上血液的法律属性、医疗过失的判断标准、因果关系的证明以及医药产品责任主体的责任分配等进行分析,并结合我国《侵权责任法》相关规定,从法解释学的角度出发,针对我国司法现状,探讨日本法对我国在法律解释适用方面的借鉴意义。     

合同视角下的专利默示许可研究?--以美中两国的司法实践为考察对象

从发生原因上讲，专利默示许可包括基于产品销售、合同关系和其他交往关系产生的默示许可三种基本形式。专利默示许可的理论基础，在英美法上主要基于其禁止反言理论，在大陆法上则是基于诚实信用原则。专利默示许可，究其本质是专利权人和专利技术使用人之间的一种合同关系，而非侵权关系。专利默示许可是合同法上事实合同的一种表现形式，其成就应当具备事实合同成立的一般条件。我国司法机关有关专利默示许可的实践探索，既有成功的一面，也有有待完善的不足之处。从制度构建上讲，专利默示许可应当建筑在专利法的诚实信用原则之上，同时在具体规则上保持其案例法的本色。     

Justifying Exceptions to Proof of Causation in Tort Law

This article defends a set of exceptions to the general rule in tort law that a claimant must prove that a particular defendant's wrongful conduct was a cause of its injury on the balance of probabilities in order to be entitled to compensatory damages in respect of that injury. The basic rationale for each exception is that it provides a means of enforcing the defendant's secondary moral duty to its victim. The article further demonstrates that the acceptance of this set of exceptions does not undermine the general rule.     

Poderes fácticos mediáticos: una agenda de investigación

Based on the recognition of the importance of the commonly referred to as factual powers in Mexico’s political life, and specifically in the media power, the author calls upon our attention the insufficient analysis and research on the subject and underscores the need to overcome this deficit by systematically and rigorously approaching it as a subject of inquiry and as part of a research agenda. This article brings to the fore the basic points of such an agenda and proposes a multidisciplinary analytical approach to develop it. The author argues that the studies’ findings can be applied to constructing limits for the exercise of media power, which are indispensable for national democratic development.     

合伙企业破产三题——以美国法为主要比较素材的分析

我国2006年8月修改颁布的《合伙企业法》已经赋予合伙企业以破产能力,但仅简单规定了其破产清算参照适用破产法规定的程序。由于合伙企业在组织形式、财产构成以及责任方式等方面与一般法人企业存在明显的差异,对企业破产法的参照适用中存在许多疑难问题亟待解决。     

谈证券市场因虚假陈述引发的民事诉讼

长期以来,我国证券市场侵权诉讼立法以及司法实践都处于滞后状态,甚至一度出现了暂不受理此类案件的情形。但在加入WTO后,我国明显加快了证券市场立法步伐。随着立法的不断完善,在司法审判实践中要求更好地予以贯彻执行。证券市场虚假陈述民事侵权案件是法院在受理的案件中较复杂的、专业性、技术性很强的案件。涉及到一系列证券专业知识及技术。因此,新出台的《规定》对该类案件中原、被告的确定、被告的归责责任、因果关系认定、诉讼模式、前置程序、赔偿额的确定等方面作了详细的规定。