Feigning Hand Preference? A Case Report Preliminary Data

Hand preference may be crucial in the forensic domain, notably in cases where the assailant is known to be left‐handed and the defendant claims to be right‐handed (or vice versa). In such cases, forensic psychologists or physicians may be asked to test the hand preference of the defendant. However, hand preference may be faked. The case described here illustrates this problem and addresses potential solutions. We also present preliminary data showing that a standard instrument for measuring handedness is sensitive to feigning. We conclude that when hand preference is determined, multiple sources of information should be assessed in order to identify possible feigning.     

The Mr. Big technique on trial by jury

Mr. Big is a Canadian undercover police technique used to elicit confessions. Undercover officers befriend the suspect, and gradually draw them into a fictitious criminal organization. Upon meeting the boss of the organization, ‘Mr. Big’, the suspect is pressured to confess. When evidence from the sting operation, including the confession, is presented later in court, it may induce juror moral prejudice towards a defendant. We evaluated how situational and dispositional sting factors (crime task severity, financial incentive, and defendant intelligence) influence mock juror moral prejudice and decision-making in Mr. Big cases. Results from Experiment 1 (N?=?270) showed fewer guilty verdicts in the high incentive conditions. In Experiment 2 (N?=?1,666), high incentive and low defendant intelligence were related to fewer guilty verdicts, more favorable ratings of defendant character, and more skeptical evaluations of confession evidence. Additionally, there were differences between community and student participants on multiple outcomes.     

Fingerprint Change: Not Visible,But Tangible

Hand–foot syndrome, a chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous toxicity, can cause an alteration in fingerprints causing a setback for cancer patients due to the occurrence of false rejections. A colon cancer patient was fingerprinted after not having been able to use fingerprint recognition devices after 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. The fingerprint images were digitally processed to improve fingerprint definition without altering the papillary design. No evidence of skin toxicity was present. Two months later, the situation returned to normal. The fingerprint evaluation conducted on 15 identification points highlighted the quantitative and qualitative fingerprint alteration details detected after the end of chemotherapy and 2 months later. Fingerprint alteration during chemotherapy has been reported, but to our knowledge, this particular case is the first ever reported without evident clinical signs. Alternative fingerprint identification methods as well as improved biometric identification systems are needed in case of unexpected situations.     

The Verifiability Approach to detection of malingered physical symptoms

Inspired by recent research showing that liars are reluctant to include verifiable details in their accounts, we explored in two studies (N?=?125; N?=?105) whether participants who report fabricated symptoms (‘malingerers’) present fewer verifiable details than participants who report genuine ill-health symptoms. In Study 1, participants were instructed to describe a typical day on which they had experienced a genuine or malingered symptom. Truth tellers’ statements included significantly higher proportions of verifiable details concerning the reported symptoms than malingerers’ statements. Compared with truth tellers, malingerers generated longer statements with more unverifiable details. In Study 2, we informed participants that their statements may be assessed for verifiable or checkable details. Malingerers often mentioned ‘false’ witnesses to provide checkable information and differences between malingerers and truth tellers in statement length, and checkable and uncheckable details were no longer significant. The utility and implications of the Verifiability Approach to detection of malingering are discussed.     

谈机动车假牌假证违法行为的查处与治理

随着机动车保有量的剧增,机动车假牌假证违法行为日趋突出,群众反映强烈。因此,对机动车假牌假证违法行为的查处和治理,已成为公安机关道路交通安全管理部门工作的重中之重。机动车假牌假证违法行为构成的基本条件有机动车、道路、违法行为等,其有多发原因和危害,根据发现途径、认定方法和法规依据,现场处理的执法规定、法规依据、程序和制作的法律文书,可以提出机动车假牌假证违法行为的治理对策,为公安机关道路交通安全管理部门提供借鉴。     

外伤性癫痫法医学评定100例分析

目的探讨颅脑外伤后癫痫的法医学评定要点,提出外伤性癫痫的法医学评定依据。方法对100例颅脑损伤后癫痫患者门诊及住院病历,结合临床脑电图（EEG）结果、CT片、MRI片等影像学资料,进行了回顾性分析。结果依据GBl8667-2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准有关颅脑损伤后癫痫发作类型、发作频率的相关条款规定,Ⅲ级伤残8人,Ⅴ级伤残10人,Ⅶ级伤残22人,Ⅸ级伤残40人,Ⅹ级伤残20人。误工期限、营养期限和护理期限评定结论时间长短差异较大,具有个体化特征。结论外伤后癫痫常继发于严重的颅脑损伤,其发作特点决定于颅脑外伤的部位和程度,外伤性癫痫法医学鉴定必须以外伤史及既往史为基础,结合电生理及影像学检查,综合癫痫发作类型、频率及药物控制情况作出正确的伤残等级及误工期限、护理期限、营养期限的鉴定结论。     

第三期中国妇女社会地位调查主要数据报告

以2010年12月1日为标准时点,全国妇联和国家统计局联合组织实施第三期中国妇女社会地位调查。本报告在全国数据初步分析的基础上,从10个方面描述了当前中国妇女社会地位的总体状况和5个典型群体的主要情况,提炼归纳了八大进步和6个值得关注的问题与挑战,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

增权理论视阈下对新生代农民工城市融入的介入

新生代农民工的城市融入性问题已成为影响城市发展、成果公平分享和中国社会良性转型的重大现实问题,运用增权理论对新生代农民工的城市融入性问题进行解读,自身权能的缺失和无权感使他们难以对城市社会产生归属感,解决这一问题的有效途径就是通过社会工作的干预和帮助,挖掘其潜能,从个体层面、人际关系层面、社会参与层面增强对权利的认识,减少或消除无权感、无助感,实现增权。即个体层面的增权：提升主体意识,增强认同感;人际关系层面的增权：扩大社会交往的范围,提升社会交往的层次;社会参与层面的增权：完善社会参与渠道,增强话语权。从个人能力、人际交往、社会参与三个方面进行增权,使之更好地融入城市社会。     

《侵权责任法》视野下的纯粹经济损失问题研究

纯粹经济损失问题在我国的研究较晚,尽管近几年来出现了不少与之相关的案例,各界依然没有对其产生足够的重视,然而时代的发展与公众意识的觉醒对个体权益的保护提出了更高的要求,该问题终于进入公众视野。我国《民法通则》由于颁布时间相对较早,其对纯粹经济损失问题的指导意义掺入了学者很多推理和猜测的成分,虽勉强说得过去,但毕竟与立法原意无太多关联,直到《侵权责任法》出台,理论界对纯粹经济损失的讨论才真正有了着力点。     

浅谈策划在广播新闻深度报道中的运用

策划是广播新闻深度报道成功的关键,其运作的方式是,对现有的新闻线索和新闻资源进行有表及里、有内而外的分析研究,进行有预见性地准备,有目的地挖掘客观事物的新闻价值,选择最恰当的时机推出报道,以求达到预期的传播效果.具体包括新闻选题的策划,报道方式的策划,人员的准备和设备要求等一系列环节.