Local Social Ties and Willingness to Intervene: Textured Views Among Violent Urban Youth of Neighborhood Social Control Dynamics and Situations

Social control in urban neighborhoods has been studied for over a century in America, yet our understanding of the dynamic nature of social relations for exerting informal social control remains limited. The present study uses detailed reports from those most likely to be the target of local control efforts—violent youth in extremely disadvantaged urban locations—to re‐examine two features of this work: variations across different hypothetical scenarios widely used in this research, and connections between local ties and intervention type and likelihood in actual events. In‐depth qualitative interviews from 159 violent males aged 16–24 from two distressed New York City neighborhoods identify ways in which responses to commonly used scenarios of informal social control are age‐ and space‐graded. Reports on the transactional nature of social control in violent events show how local ties may undermine, rather than support, social control processes. It would appear that we need to consider more carefully general suggestions about local ties encouraging more informal social control, move to a more textured, multithreaded view of these connections, and incorporate age‐ and space‐graded dynamics into future studies of social control.     

WORLD

正BANGLADESH A supporter of the governing Bang ladesh Awami League is injured after aclash with supporters from the opposing Bangladesh Nationalist Party during a protest in Dhaka on December 29,2013.Opposition leader Khaleda Ziahas calledon the government to step down     

Voices of minor children heard and unheard in judicial divorce proceedings in the Netherlands

Under Dutch divorce law, children in theory have ample opportunity to make their voices heard: the petition for divorce must state how the children have been involved in preparing a parenting plan; all children aged 12 or 16 (depending on the context) or older have the right to be heard by the judge, and the judge may additionally hear younger children; the court may appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interests of the child; and the child has the right to seek informal access to the court (by letter or telephone, for example) which may lead to an ex officio decision that changes the arrangements agreed by the parents in a divorce settlement or an earlier judicial decision. In practice, however, there is no guarantee that children's voices will actually be heard in divorce proceedings. Notably in the case of separation after an informal relationship (other than marriage or registered partnership) the opportunities given to children to be heard are often a dead letter.     

Growing Up in Times of War: Unaccompanied Refugee Minors’ Assumptions About the World and Themselves

Abstract

The idea that assumptions about the world and the self can be damaged through traumatic experiences has proven to be useful in understanding posttraumatic reactions. This study investigated the World Assumptions of middle-eastern unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) to contribute to a culturally sensitive theoretical perspective. Semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive category development. All assumed aspects of World Assumptions—benevolence, meaningfulness, and self-worth—were found in the participants’ statements. Regarding meaningfulness, we detected a new subcategory, the principle of a metaphysical plan, which has implications for the mechanism by which religiosity protects World Assumptions in war-torn regions.     

The future of parenting plan evaluations: A view from the trenches

As expectations rise for parenting plan evaluators to be well-trained, skilled, and knowledgeable in numerous subject areas, and scrutiny of evaluators' work intensifies, the pool of qualified evaluators is shrinking nationwide. The future of parenting plan evaluation as a forensic subspecialty relies upon the availability of competent and committed professionals to do this challenging work, yet few are entering the field. Five experienced parenting plan evaluators from various regions of the United States, including the authors, met for a roundtable discussion to ponder the future of parenting plan evaluations. The panel discussed what drew them to the work, their experiences “in the trenches,” and what has kept them committed to doing evaluations despite daunting challenges. Their views of the rewards and risks of doing the work, barriers and disincentives to newcomers entering the field, recommendations to new evaluators, and outlook for the future are presented.     

谈驾驶员有效预防汽车火灾

文章针对当前汽车火灾多发的形势,比较系统地分析了造成汽车火灾发生的原因和汽车火灾的特点,有针对性地提出了预防汽车火灾的具体措施、汽车火灾的扑救措施及逃生方法,旨在加强汽车行业的消防安全管理,预防汽车火灾事故的发生,确保行车安全。     

反家庭暴力对策的比较研究

对家庭暴力的防治 ,必须建立完善的“配套工程” ,加强反家庭暴力的法治观念教育 ,提高国民对家庭暴力的认识 ,维护正确的家庭观念 ,并将其渗透至社会生活的方方面面。针对我国现阶段的国情 ,只有立法、社会救助与普法相结合 ,才能真正做到预防与消除家庭暴力。     

论高校学报策划工作

在新形势下,高校学报要尽快转变观念,积极面向市场,着力强化策划工作。高校学报策划,要从定位、栏目、选题、组稿、版式、发行等环节着手,以赢得办刊工作的主动性,提高刊物的市场竞争能力。     

新时期廉政测评机制构建研究

廉政测评机制是惩治和预防腐败体系的重要组成部分。近年来,一些地方政府探索并开展一系列廉政测评工作,主要有风险管理类、廉政预警类和绩效评估类。在取得明显成效的同时,廉政测评工作也存在"内向性"、"单向性"、"控制取向"、"功利性"等问题。构建一个有效的廉政测评机制应坚持发展性原则、协调性原则和可操作性原则,实现廉政测评工作与建设惩治和预防腐败体系、实施党风廉政建设责任制、行政监察的统一,并不断完善机制内部的结构性要素、功能性要素和关联性要素。     

析当前消防行政执法工作中存在的问题

为加强和推进消防行政执法规范化工作,本文结合当前工作实际,查找分析修订后的《中华人民共和国消防法》,针对基层执法工作中尚存在的一些问题,从行政处罚主体、行政处罚对象、行政处罚中自由裁量权的运用以及行政处罚决定的执行四个方面进行了分析和阐述,并就解决问题的对策做了一些探讨,以期提高消防执法队伍的整体素质和综合实力。