主权让渡的法律涵义三辨

当要强调国际组织在某些事项上获得对成员国的控制力和支配性时,主权让渡应表述为“主权权力”的让渡;当要强调国际组织由成员国的让渡行为而获得了某种排他的能力和资格时,主权让渡则应表述为“主权权利”的让渡。类似于基本权利和派生权利的区分难以适当地解释主权权利的让渡。在国家让渡了越来越多主权权利的情况下,代表主权的是终极支配权,而不是所谓基本权利。     

A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of Schoolwide Violence Prevention Programs

Violence prevention programs are commonplace in today’s schools, though reviews of the literature reveal mixed empirical findings on their effectiveness. Often, these programs include a variety of components such as social skills training, student mentoring, and activities designed to build a sense of school community that have not been tested for individual effectiveness. To fill this gap, we wanted to determine the relationships between specific violence prevention program components and aggression and violence outcomes. Using the U.S. Department of Education’s School Survey on Crime and Safety, we estimated the effects of components of violence prevention programs through analyses with proportional odds logistic regression and Poisson regression models. We found significant relationships between three violence prevention program components (individual attention, mentoring, tutoring, and/or coaching; recreational, enrichment, or leisure activities; and involving students in resolving student conduct problems) and aggression and violence outcomes.     

风险投资参与对IPO抑价的影响——基于深交所创业板市场2009-2012年数据分析

本文利用2009年到2012年创业板上市的336家企业IPO数据,采取倾向性评分的方法对无风险投资参与的IPO数据进行调整,解决了风险投资与企业之间相互选择产生的内生性问题。进而研究了风险投资的参与对创业板市场上IPO抑价水平的影响,比较调整后风投参与和无风投参与IPO之间的差异。从时间序列的角度,发现风投参与和无风投参与的IPO发行价的差异在逐年降低,首日收益率的差异逐年增加,说明风险投资的参与会加大IPO抑价水平,支持了Amit et al提出的"逆向选择理论"。     

IMPRISONMENT LENGTH AND POST‐PRISON EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS

This study considers the relationship between imprisonment length and employment outcomes. The data are a unique prospective, longitudinal study of Dutch pretrial detainees (N = 702). All subjects thus experience prison confinement of varying lengths, although the durations are relatively short (mean = 3.8 months; median = 3.1 months). This contrasts with prior research that was limited to the study of American prison sentences spanning an average of 2 years. These data thus fill a gap in the empirical base concerning short‐term confinement, which is the norm in the United States (e.g., jail incarceration) and other Western countries. Using a comprehensive array of pre‐prison covariates, a propensity score methodology is used to examine the dose–response relationship between imprisonment length and a variety of employment outcomes. The results indicate that, among prison lengths less than 6 months in duration, longer confinement is largely uncorrelated with employment. In contrast, among spells in excess of 6 months, longer imprisonment length seems to worsen employment prospects.     

The effects of marital breakdown on offending: results from a prospective longitudinal survey of males

Abstract

We examined the factors that predicted marital separation in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, which is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 London males. We found that dishonesty, having a wife with a conviction(s), convictions, a poor relationship with parents, no exams passed, unprotected sex and having a shotgun marriage predicted marital breakdown. Males from broken homes due to marital conflict had a moderate risk of suffering marital breakdown themselves but the effect was mediated by having conviction(s). An analysis in which separated men were matched with controls on age at marriage, prior convictions and a propensity score predicting the likelihood of separation showed that a man's convictions increased after becoming separated. However, if a man formed a new intimate relationship, the increase in convictions after separation was reduced.     

Overkill? An Examination of Comparatively Excessive Death Sentences in North Carolina, 1990–2010

This study examines death/life capital sentences in one southern state, North Carolina, during the period 1990 to 2010 to determine the extent to which they are comparatively excessive/lenient. The study employs data derived from a variety of official sources on the population of capital trials in the state during this timeframe and follows the analytic techniques developed by David Baldus and his colleagues and by Paternoster and Kazyaka in their studies of comparative excessiveness in capital sentencing in California, Georgia, and South Carolina, respectively. The results show a substantial number of death sentences that meet the standard for excessiveness, but the data also show a nearly equal number of life sentences that may be deemed too lenient. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

我国民事诉讼的法律效力制度再认识

法律效力是指确定判决发生的诉讼法上效果,它是现行民事诉讼法的核心制度,也是对苏联法的移植与本土化。基于诸多原因,法律效力制度的意义及其法理在我国尘封至今。在考察我国民事诉讼的法律效力制度之演进基础上,我们应当考虑在保留已移植的苏联法上形式法律效力的基础上,注重参考德日法上有关实质法律效力的规定,以改革和完善我国民事诉讼的法律效力制度。     

关于构建民事诉讼一审终审制的立法思考--从完善民事诉讼审级制度的视角

基于诉讼案件对诉讼程序的"需要"与诉讼程序"供给"之间的规律和实现诉讼效率价值目标的需要,民事诉讼法有必要在现有立法基础上扩大一审终审的适用范围.对民事纠纷案件实行一审终审的标准及范围应由立法按诉讼标的额确定一个基本的幅度,再由各高级法院根据本省的具体情况在法定幅度范围内确定本省小额案件的标的额.但小额民事案件具有法定情形时不得实行一审终审制,同时,立法不宜允许当事人通过协议方式选择审级制度的适用.     

参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭患者临床观察

目的 观察参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭(heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFmrEF)的临床疗效。方法 将60例HFmrEF患者按随机数字表法平均分为两组,观察组30例患者在西医基础治疗的同时,给予参芪健心方治疗,每日1剂;对照组30例患者仅接受西医基础治疗;疗程均为4周。比较两组患者治疗前后脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptid, BNP)、左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、6分钟步行距离(6 minutes walking distance, 6MWD)、中医证候积分,基于纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association, NYHA)心功能分级的临床疗效及主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE)发生情况。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患...