运动中的思维过程及情绪

目前多数教练员、运动员已充分认识到运动心理训练的重要性。心理过程和运动技能一样,必须得到训练,而且需要时间培养。解决比赛前后和比赛中出现的心理学问题有种种不同方法,包括放松技术、心理准备、积极的自我评价、分析原因等,更多地发挥运动员的潜能,提高运动成绩。运动心理学家能帮助运动员改善影响运动成绩的心理过程,运动员应与运动心理学家、教练员、医生和医务监督人员密切配合,解决出现的心理问题。     

Can Local Ordinances Prevent Neighborhood Destabilization?

This article assesses the ability of local housing ordinances to prevent neighborhood destabilization, specifically that arising as a consequence of the most recent housing crisis. We evaluate the degree to which vacancy registrations and point-of-sale inspection requirements influenced housing market outcomes during the housing crisis. With comprehensive real property data from Cuyahoga County, Ohio, we measure outcomes that characterize housing market distress including foreclosures, sales below the tax-assessed value, bulk sales, flipping, and property tax delinquency. We evaluate outcomes across properties in regulated and unregulated municipalities using matching procedures on linked data containing property, neighborhood, loan, and transaction characteristics. We find evidence that vacancy registrations substantially reduce foreclosures. In contrast, we find little evidence that point-of-sale inspections reduce undesirable transactions. Rather, properties in cities with inspection requirements displayed higher levels of foreclosure and tax delinquency relative to the control group during the study period.     

The Impact of the Rape/Sexual Assault Statutory Aggravating Factor on Death Sentencing Decision Making in Capital Murder Trials in North Carolina (1977–2009): A Propensity Score Matching Approach

It was not too many decades ago that rape was a crime for which the death penalty was a permissible punishment in the United States, particularly in death penalty states in the South. Relatedly, historical and contemporary death penalty research almost always focuses on the role of the race of the defendant and, more recently, the race of the victim and defendant–victim racial dyads as being relevant factors in death penalty decision making. As such, the current study employs data from official court records for the population of capital trials (n = 954) in the state of North Carolina (1977–2009) to evaluate the effect of the rape/sexual assault statutory aggravating factor on jurors’ decision to recommend the death penalty. Results suggest that cases in which rape is an aggravating factor had a significantly greater odds of receiving a death penalty recommendation, and these results are robust after also considering the independent effects of defendant–victim racial dyads, even following the application of propensity score matching to equate cases on a host of defendant and victim characteristics, legal and extralegal confounders, and case characteristics. Study limitations and implications are discussed.     

Predicting Sex Offender Recidivism. I. Correcting for Item Overselection and Accuracy Overestimation in Scale Development. II. Sampling Error-Induced Attenuation of Predictive Validity Over Base Rate Information

The authors demonstrate a statistical bootstrapping method for obtaining unbiased item selection and predictive validity estimates from a scale development sample, using data (N = 256) of Epperson et al. [2003 Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool-Revised (MnSOST-R) technical paper: Development, validation, and recommended risk level cut scores. Retrieved November 18, 2006 from Iowa State University Department of Psychology web site: http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/ approximately dle/mnsost_download.htm] from which the Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool-Revised (MnSOST-R) was developed. Validity (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) reported by Epperson et al. was .77 with 16 items selected. The present analysis yielded an asymptotically unbiased estimator AUC = .58. The present article also focused on the degree to which sampling error renders estimated cutting scores (appropriate to local [varying] recidivism base rates) nonoptimal, so that the long-run performance (measured by correct fraction, the total proportion of correct classifications) of these estimated cutting scores is poor, when they are applied to their parent populations (having assumed values for AUC and recidivism rate). This was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation over a range of AUC and recidivism rate values. Results indicate that, except for the AUC values higher than have ever been cross-validated, in combination with recidivism base rates severalfold higher than the literature average [Hanson and Morton-Bourgon, 2004, Predictors of sexual recidivism: An updated meta-analysis. (User report 2004-02.). Ottawa: Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada], the user of an instrument similar in performance to the MnSOST-R cannot expect to achieve correct fraction performance notably in excess of what is achievable from knowing the population recidivism rate alone. The authors discuss the legal implications of their findings for procedural and substantive due process in relation to state sexually violent person commitment statutes and the Supreme Court's Kansas v. Hendricks decision regarding the constitutionality of such statutes.     

Exploring the Link Between Being Bullied and Adolescent Substance Use

Although research suggests that bullied adolescents may respond to victimization with substance use, much of this prior work has been cross-sectional. Using longitudinal data from a community-based sample, we examine the impact of early bullying victimization on the initiation of substance use in adolescence after considering the potential influence of selection effects using propensity score matching. After matching, there were moderate differences between victims of bullying and control students for cigarette smoking and alcohol use, which was limited to those exposed to higher levels of bullying. Being bullied in childhood appears to have only minor effects on the onset of adolescent substance use in this sample.     

Timing the habit: Voter registration and turnout

Does registration timing impact whether an individual becomes a habitual voter? We argue that those registering in near proximity to a presidential election are more likely to vote in the upcoming election compared to those who register at other times during an election cycle because they seek an immediate return on their investment, but they are less likely to become habituated to vote in subsequent mid-term and primary elections. We suggest that this is because last-minute registrants, many of whom were registered through voter registration drives, were not focused on long-term electoral payoffs. Leveraging Florida's statewide voter files, we use logistic regression and propensity score weighting with county fixed-effects to evaluate if the timing of voter registration has significant short- and long-term turnout effects in high- and low-salience elections, controlling for party registration and an array of demographic factors. We find that the timing of registration does affect turnout, as last-minute registrants are not equally likely to vote in ensuing elections.     

温通针法治疗腰椎间盘突出症远期疗效观察

目的 比较温通针法与平补平泻针法治疗腰椎间盘突出症（lumbar disc herniation,LDH）的远期疗效。方法 将160例LDH患者按数字随机表法随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组80例。治疗组应用温通针法,对照组应用平补平泻针法,两组均每日治疗1次,15次为1个疗程。治疗前后采用改良日本骨科协会（Meliorate- Japanese orthopaedic association,M- JOA）下腰痛评分法、简化McGill量表分别对两组患者进行评分;治疗15 d后及治疗3个月后,分别观察两组临床疗效。结果 治疗15 d后及治疗3个月后,两组M- JOA评分,简化McGill量表的PRI、VAS和PPI因子评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.01）;治疗3个月后,治疗组简化McGill量表的VAS和PPI因子评分下降值显著大于对照组（P<0.01）;治疗15 d后和治疗3个月后,治疗组临床疗效均显著优于对照组（P＜0.05,或P＜0.01）。结论 温通针法对LDH的远期疗效优于平补平泻针刺方法。     

劳动争议仲裁裁决不予执行司法审查程序存废之检讨

劳动争议仲裁属于社会主义和谐劳动关系话语体系下的法定仲裁,与以民间合意自治为基础的商事仲裁无制度生成上的关联性.研究认为:劳动争议仲裁裁决不予执行是基于协议仲裁的一裁终局属性所生成的救济途径,不应适用于作为诉讼前置程序的劳动争议仲裁,并易造成重复救济,对效率和保护弱势劳动者的价值追求目标造成损害;相关司法解释为追求社会...     

投资对宁夏经济发展的作用及影响分析

投资需求、消费需求和净流出需求(俗称出口需求),三者被统称为拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”。“三驾马车”对不同的国家、不同的地区和处于不同的经济发展阶段经济增长的拉动效果虽有所不同,但只有三者协调、健康发展,区域经济才有可能持续、和谐的增长。     

Playing the credit score game: algorithms, ‘positive’ data and the personification of financial objects

This paper is about how people are learning to ‘make themselves up’ in response to the market’s new algorithmic ways of seeing. More specifically, it explores how the self-datafication of informal financial relations is being used to affect the calculation of credit score. I argue that credit score functions as a legal technology of arbitration beset with contradictions that are giving rise to inchoate struggles over the distribution of calculative agency in consumer credit markets. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of credit building peer ‘lending circles’, the paper explores how financially marginalized groups and financial inclusion advocates are reacting to the blind spots and biases of credit-scoring algorithms through compensatory and transgressive data-generation practices.