502指印的光学加强方法研究

目的通过对502胶指印的光学加强研究,找出最佳502胶指印拍摄提取照明方法。方法对三种客体上的指印各100枚分别用502胶熏显,并用四种不同照明方法进行比较。结果不同客体上的502胶指印,需根据不同情况选择不同照明方法拍摄提取。结论本研究结果对实际应用有较大参考价值。     

Detection of visible and latent fingerprints using micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental imaging

Using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), a novel means of detecting fingerprints was examined in which the prints were imaged based on their elemental composition. MXRF is a nondestructive technique. Although this method requires a priori knowledge about the approximate location of a print, it offers a new and complementary means for detecting fingerprints that are also left pristine for further analysis (including potential DNA extraction) or archiving purposes. Sebaceous fingerprints and those made after perspiring were detected based on elements such as potassium and chlorine present in the print residue. Unique prints were also detected including those containing lotion, saliva, banana, or sunscreen. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for visualizing fingerprints by MXRF on surfaces that can be problematic using current methods.     

显现胶带上微尘手印的方法研究

利用硫氰酸钾与浓硫酸反应生成硫氰酸气体 ,遇到灰尘中的铁离子反应生成棕红色的硫氰酸铁 ,并对所选择的显现试剂及显现时间进行定量分析 ,结果发现不同的试剂量以及不同的显现时间影响胶带上微尘手印的显现效果。由此可以得出结论 ,选取适当的显现试剂量及显现时间用硫氰酸气熏法对胶带上微尘手印显现 ,显出棕红色的手印纹线 ,具有鉴定价值     

mtDNA技术及其在诉讼和事故调查中的应用

本文系统编译整理了线粒体及线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)技术。mtDNA 技术对刑侦、刑事审判与辩护、重大灾害事故调查和民事诉讼以及战争阵亡者母系血统关系认定具有广泛的作用。执法人员、刑事被告人、民事诉讼参与人了解 mtDNA 技术与 DNA 指纹技术的区别才能有效地利用 mtDNA 技术,避免错案和合法权益受到损害。     

镜面遗留指印消除重影及固定的新方法

对镜面上遗留的指印采用280B-4型比对投影仪,进行消除重影并利用透射复印法进行固定做了探讨,同时拓宽了280B-4型比对投影仪的应用范围.     

Moistened hands do not necessarily allude to high quality fingerprints: the relationship between palmar moisture and fingerprint donorship

We explored the quality distribution of ninhydrin-developed prints on A4 bond paper in two groups of individuals, in Israel and in India. While the quality distributions of the developed marks in both countries had some dissimilarities, both groups showed the expected bell-shape distribution, with the majority of the donors belonging to the central zone, defined as "average" or "good." Attempt was made to correlate between a physiological feature, palmar moisture, and the fingerprint donorship. As a rule, high fingermark quality could be associated with sweating hands, but there were individuals with moist palms whose fingermarks had a low score and vice versa. This finding supports the logical but hitherto unproven assumption that besides the amount of palmar sweat, the other physiological factor governing the prints' quality is the total amount of substrate, amino acids in this case, in the latent deposits, which depends on the substrate concentration in the sweat.