Continuity and Changes in the Developmental Trajectories of Criminal Career: Examining the Roles of Timing of First Arrest and High School Graduation

Early onset of criminal career is one of the most robust predictors of persistence in offending. However, many antisocial children do not become chronic adult offenders. Using longitudinal data of young male offenders in the California Youth Authority, we examined trajectories of criminal behavior from childhood to adulthood. We particularly focused on the main and interaction effects of age at their first arrest and completion of high school education. First, we found that, on average, cumulative crime trajectory was curvilinear, with a subtle increase in childhood followed by a rapid increase in late adolescence and a slow down in adulthood. Second, earlier starters had a steeper cumulative growth in criminal behavior over time. Third, finishing high school served as a potential turning point in offenders’ lives, particularly for later starters. The results highlight that continuity and desistance in crime can be partially understood by timing of significant events and heterogeneity in response to turning points. Misaki N. Natsuaki is a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute of Child Development at University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. She received her Ph.D. in human development at University of California, Davis in 2006. Her current research interest is the influences of biological and social correlates on trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. Xiaojia Ge is a Professor of the Institute of Child Development at University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. He received his PhD in sociology from the Iowa State University. He is interested in the influences of biological changes and social transitions on emotional and behavioral development in children and adolescents. Ernst Wenk is a research associate in the Department of Human and Community Development at University of California, Davis. His major research interests include crime and deviance.     

儒家的民本思想及其法律文化价值述评

民本思想是儒家传统文化中的一个重要概念,对古代社会政治与法律的发展产生了深远的影响.它是统治者制定政策与法律的立脚点.其内涵为关心民瘼,注意民众的舆论与情感,要求统治者自律,省徭薄敛.这对于促进社会发展,减轻广大人民群众的苦痛有一定的积极作用.但是我们也应该看到这种"民本"思想具有其局限性,它是自给自足的自然经济的产物,与小农经济相适应,是宗法伦理社会的内在要求,是"外王"的一个重要手段,与今日的民主政治不可同日而语.因此必须加以批判继承,借以弘扬传统法律文化民主性精华,推动社会主义精神文明与民主法制建设.     

司法警官学院"警务化管理"浅探

司法警官职业学院学生管理工作实行"警务化管理"模式,是由其学院性质、培养目标、院情等因素决定的.警务化管理是手段,培养优良校风和保证教学训练任务的完成是目的.警务化管理制度的落实需要教职工和学生的共同努力,需要建立考评激励机制.     

包裕石壁题诗与临桂四大状元

明代正德二年,包裕在游览伏波山还珠洞后,题诗一首,预言百年后必有桂林才子金榜题名、状元及第。这一诗中预言,在清朝终于变成现实。四个状元是:陈继昌、龙启瑞、张建勋、刘福姚。     

关于民本思维实践理性的思考

以民为邦本的民本思维形成的历史悠远,历代思想家和政治家都有过深刻的认识和积极的主张。因此,民本思维已不是一种认知的理论形态,而是一种"躬行履践"的实践方式。并在此基础上提出了民本思维的实践理性问题,侧重论及了欲树立民本思维必淡化官本思维的论点。     

论行政执法的检察监督

当前行政机关对于涉嫌犯罪的刑事案件“以罚代刑”的现象相当严重,因而加强对行政执法活动的检察监督势在必行。为此,需要修改《人民检察院组织法》,赋予检察机关对限制、剥夺人身自由的行政强制措施和行政处罚活动进行法律监督的权力,确立刑事先理原则,并构建完善的行政执法监督机制。     

在实现共同富裕进程中构建和谐社会

从社会主义本质上来讲,共同富裕与社会主义和谐社会的构建具有一致性,逐步实现共同富裕是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要基石和必然要求。因此,实现共同富裕是构建和谐社会的必由之路。同时,共同富裕的实现程度不高和实践过程中出现的偏差直接影响着和谐社会的构建,我们要在实现共同富裕的过程中加快构建和谐社会的步伐。     

认真履行"第一要务"努力提高全民素质

"第一要务"思想,是我们党对全面提高全民素质重要性的崭新认识,贯穿于"三个代表"重要思想的各个方面.全面提高全民素质体现着先进生产力的发展要求、先进文化的前进方向和最广大人民的根本利益.认真履行"第一要务",努力提高全民素质,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然选择.     

论工会组织在企业人力资本运作中的作用

调动和发挥职工群众的积极性、主动性、创造性,是落实“第一要务”的工作。在社会主义市场经济条件下,人力资本运作是现代企业管理的重要特征。工会组织的性质、基本职责、工作内容和活动方式,决定了工会在调动、发挥和保护职工群众的积极性、主动性和创造性方面具有不可或缺的作用。因此,必须高度重视和发挥工会组织的重要作用。     

Competing Knowledge Systems in the Management of Fish and Forests in the Pacific Northwest

In this paper I investigate the interaction of knowledge and institutions in the context of First Nations in the Pacific Northwest of Canada who have evolved management systems for fish and forest resources over hundreds of years. These management systems are viewed as institutions that are based on and apply knowledge systems over time. In the Nisga'a and Haida nations, knowledge systems guide management regimes that govern access, rights and responsibilities, harvesting, allocation of benefits and costs, technology, education and training. For the past hundred years these institutions and knowledge systems have come into conflict with knowledge and management systems imposed first by missionaries, settlers and colonizers and later from Provincial and National governments and corporations holding tenure rights assigned by those governments. National and international regimes such as the Law of the Seas and the Exclusive Economic Zones conflict with traditional institutions and knowledge systems by privileging one level of governance and consequently one form of knowledge and devaluing others. The paper is based on research conducted in the Pacific Northwest over the past eight years, primarily through interviews with elders, decision-makers, and resource users, as well as observation of cultural and resource practices. The research investigated the impacts of conflicting knowledge systems and the attempts to resolve those conflicts. The paper raises questions about knowledge systems and institutions, about institutional interplay, and the impact of international institutions on local institutions as they come into contact and conflict.