Sexual Dimorphism of the First Rib: A Comparative Approach Using Metric and Geometric Morphometric Analyses

This research investigated the sexual dimorphism of the first human rib using geometric morphometric and metric approaches on a sample of 285 specimens containing European Americans and African Americans from the Hamann‐Todd collection. Metric measurements were investigated for sexual dimorphism and ancestral differences using univariate statistics. Four type II landmarks and 40 sliding semi‐landmarks were placed outlining the dorsal and ventral curvatures of the ribs. Landmark data were processed using Generalized Procrustes Analyses with Procrustes distance sliding, and the subsequent coordinates were investigated for sexual dimorphism and ancestral differences using Procrustes ANOVAs. Both geometric morphometric and metric data were analyzed using cross‐validated discriminant function analyses to test the hypothesis that variables from both approaches can be combined to increase sex classification rate. European Americans had sex correctly classified as high as 88.05% and African Americans as high as 70.86% using a combination of metric and geometric morphometric variables.     

公安行政执法监督之我见

我国的民主法制建设已经进入到一个新的发展阶段。公安机关作为国家重要的行政执法机关,能否严格、公正、文明执法至关重要。当前公安行政执法中还存在着一些执法违法情况。要加强公安行政执法,严格依法行政,必须加强公安行政执法监督。只有从内到外加强公安行政执法监督,才能使公安行政执法监督真正走向法制轨道。     

关于公安机关服务“第一要务”的思考

公安机关必须充分发挥职能作用 ,坚持发展是第一要务的思想 ,努力创造优良的服务环境 ;坚持稳定压倒一切的方针 ,创造良好的安全环境 ;坚持服务市场经济的思路 ,创造一流的信用环境。     

进一步规范和完善高校领导干部考核工作

高校领导干部考核是干部工作的重要内容;高校领导干部考核要努力做到客观公正,全面真实;要以“政治家、教育 家”为基本要求,科学设计考核内容;要健全和完善高校领导干部考核制度;要科学合理地使用考核结果。在此基础上,才有利于 识人用人,有利于干部的健康成长,有利于促进高等教育的向前发展。     

浅谈治安检查权

自我国公安机关成立并开始履行治安行政管理职能之时起,检查就作为行政执法的一种基本方法,被公安机关广泛使用。治安检查主要包括办理治安案件中的检查、安全检查以及日常的监督检查。办理治安案件中的检查是一种证据调查活动,日常监督检查是一种日常的管理活动,安全检查是指对人民警察对查获或者到案的违法嫌疑人的人身及其携带的物品进行的一种检查活动。法律赋予了公安机关治安检查权,但在操作上不够具体、明确,导致实践中运用治安检查权的混乱,侵犯当事人的合法权益时有发生。因此,正确行使治安检查权,一要明确治安检查权的法律性质;二要能正确区分、理解治安检查权与刑事检查权的不同点;三要注意治安检查不当而导致的法律后果。     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

Post-Traumatic Stress and Alcohol-Related Problems Following a College Shooting: Effect of Help-Seeking

Our aim was to test the hypothesized relationships between trauma exposure and alcohol-related problems, mediated by PTS symptoms, moderated by prior trauma exposure and help-seeking. Participants were 244 members of a private university who were enrolled or employed at the school on the date of a campus shooting. Online measures were distributed via e-mail in October 2014, and included the AUDIT, BTQ, PCL-5, and self-report measures of trauma exposure and counseling services utilized. The overall moderated mediation model examining the indirect effect of exposure to trauma on alcohol-related problems through PTSD symptoms, moderated by prior trauma and help seeking was significant, β(SE) = .310(.3554), p = .0001. This study highlights the importance of crisis interventions following trauma exposure.     

《踅言集》:一部最早实录鸦片战争进程的诗歌专集

《(踅)言集》是一部目前已知最早实录鸦片战争进程的诗歌专集,内中充满对鸦片之害的愤怒声讨、对入侵之敌的切齿增恶、对抗英志士的由衷钦敬和对误国官员的无情讥刺,可谓诗铎,可谓诗史,于今人认识那一段历史,殊有其不可忽略之助益.     

Low Power,First Offers,and Reservation Prices: Weak Negotiators are Self-anchored by Their Own Alternatives

Although most scholars recommend making the first offer in negotiations, recent research and practitioners' experience have uncovered a second-mover advantage in certain situations. In the current article, we explore this first- versus second-mover dynamic by investigating the circumstances under which negotiators would make less favorable first offers than they would receive were they to move second, focusing on the effects of negotiation power in the form of alternatives. Additionally, we examine the effects of low power on reservation prices and whether these effects could be mitigated using an anchor-debiasing technique. In Study 1, we manipulated negotiators' power in the form of the best alternative to the negotiated agreement and examined its effect on first offers and reservation prices. Our results showed that low-power negotiators would receive more favorable first offers than they would have made themselves when facing either low- or medium-power counterparts. Also, our results suggest that low-power negotiators had less favorable reservation prices than their medium- and high- power counterparts. In Study 2, we investigated whether this effect would persist in the face of anchor-debiasing techniques. Our results showed that while anchor-debiasing techniques did improve their first offers, low-power negotiators would still benefit from making the counteroffer rather than moving first. Our findings uncover the disadvantageous effects of low power on first-offer magnitude while offering practical advice to negotiators.