退休政策的经济学分析及调整

退休政策通过影响劳动力的投入和养老负担对社会产出和就业人口、退休人口的福利水平产生影响，因此要对退休政策进行调整须进行较为充分的经济论证。研究对单人经济的退休年龄分析显示：存在一个基于个人一生效用最大化的“最佳”退休年龄，可合理平衡一生总产出和退休后的休闲。同理，一个多人经济社会也存在一个平均的“最佳”退休年龄。研究的结论如下：现有的退休年龄政策背景下，中国将面临日益沉重的养老负担，说明中国的退休年龄政策亟须调整；延迟退休年龄至少在长期对就业无负面影响，且可增加GDP:将暂时多余的社保基金用于金融投资无助于社会养老负担的缓解，养老金空账运行并无问题。为完善中国的退休政策，研究提出适时延长退休年龄、提高养老金标准和降低养老保险费率、对职工上缴的养老保险实施记账等建议。     

浅谈流动人口犯罪

由于社会主义市场经济的不断深化,流动人口犯罪也日益增多,已经成为困扰当代中国 社会的严重问题。本文对流动人口犯罪的特点、原因等作了简要剖析,并提出一些预防和控制措施。     

Substance Use and Intimate Violence Among Incarcerated Males

The purpose of this study was to examine substance use patterns among a sample of incarcerated males who report engaging in levels of intimate violence, as well as identifying similarities and differences in demographic, economic status, mental health, criminal justice involvement, relationships, and treatment factors for three groups of incarcerated males - those who report perpetrating low intimate violence, those who report perpetrating moderate intimate violence, and those who report perpetrating extreme intimate violence the year preceding their current incarceration. Findings indicated that low intimate violence group's perpetration consisted almost exclusively of emotional abuse. Moderately intimate violent males and extremely intimate violent males, however, report not only high rates of emotional abuse but physical abuse as well. The distinction between moderate and extremely violent groups was substantial. Findings also indicated that perpetrators at different levels of violence in this study did not vary significantly in age, employment history, marital status, or race. However, the three groups showed significant differences in three main areas: (1) cocaine and alcohol use patterns, (2) stranger violence perpetration and victimization experiences, and (3) emotional discomfort. Implications for substance abuse and mental health treatment interventions and for future research are discussed.     

少数民族地区的人力资源开发

随着知识经济时代的到来 ,世界各国非常重视人力资源的开发。在新的历史时期 ,西部民族地区与东部沿海地区的差距不仅表现在经济方面 ,更为突出地表现在知识和信息方面。要缩小差距 ,当务之急是西部民族地区要切实把人力资源开发提到重要的议事日程 ,抓住国家实施西部大开发战略的历史机遇 ,大力发展科技教育、文化卫生 ,努力提高人口素质 ,在知识、技术和信息上缩小与沿海发达地区的差距     

Municipal population size and the benefits of inter-municipal cooperation: panel data evidence from Japan

ABSTRACT

Intermunicipal cooperation (IMC) facilitates efficient public service delivery. This study measures how the benefits municipalities gain through IMC differ according to municipal population size and service provision type. Focusing on public health and fire protection services, this study employs panel data regression for 1,706 Japanese municipalities over a five-year period, 2012–2017. This study has several major findings. First, an increase in the IMC spending ratio reduces public spending in both the studied services. Second, the marginal effect of IMC varies depending on the size of the municipal population. More specifically, the marginal effect of IMC on public health has a narrow confidence interval with a wide ranging population scale, while the marginal effect of IMC on fire protection produces negative values for only 151 municipalities due to extensive standard error. These findings can help municipalities take advantage of IMC to improve public service delivery.     

Third molar development in a London population of White British and Black British or other Black ethnicity

Population differences in dental development between Black and White ethnic groups have been debated but not previously studied in the UK. Using inappropriate data for dental age estimation (DAE) could lead to erroneous results and injustice. Data were collected from dental panoramic radiographs of 5590 subjects aged 6–24 years in a teaching hospital archive. Demirjian stages were determined for left-sided teeth and third molars and data collected regarding hypodontia and third molar agenesis. Third molar development in self-assigned Black British, including other self-assigned Black ethnicity, was compared with that of self-assigned White British subjects. Data were compared for males and females in the two ethnic groups using T-tests for Demirjian Stages A–G of third molar development and Mann-Whitney tests for Stage H once a cut-off age at the maximum age for Stage G had been imposed. Third molar development occurred earlier in subjects of Black ancestry compared to those of White ancestry. While both ethnic groups showed large age ranges for every third molar stage, in female subjects these generally occurred at least 1.5 years earlier, and in males at least one year earlier. Hypodontia and third molar agenesis were more prevalent in White British, but the ethnic difference in third molar development persisted in subjects with complete dentitions. This is a large study that confirms ethnic differences in a London population, emphasises the difficulties of establishing the 18-year-old threshold using DAE, and confirms the risk of overestimating the age of individuals of Black ethnicity using White ethnic reference data.     

试论我国加入WTO与我市外来人口犯罪

我国加入WTO以后,农业及农产品会受到较大冲击,随之而来的是大批农村剩余劳动力从周边省份及经济发展相对滞后地区涌入我市,将使我市外来人口犯罪大幅度增加,因此,加强与完善外来人口管理迫在眉睫。     

对加入WTO后流动人口犯罪的社会学分析

加入WTO以后,随着经济、社会的巨大变化,流动人口犯罪将会成为困扰我国社会治安的突出问题之一。在“与狼共舞”的过程中,如何防范和控制流动人口犯罪,维护社会稳定?本文从社会学的视角,对其进行了分析,并提出了基本思路。     

论流动人口犯罪侦控方略

近年来,全国各大中城市的流动人口犯罪呈明显的上升趋势。随着经济的不断发展和社会矛盾的增多,侵财型犯罪将呈现上升趋势。因此,对这一特殊群体的犯罪问题解决得好与坏,将直接影响到我国在新时期、新阶段的稳定和发展,因而解决流动人口犯罪问题就显得尤为重要。为此要根据其以实施侵财型犯罪为主的特点,有针对性地采取侦控措施。     

山东女性人才发展的人口学研究

女性人才资源的开发程度是一个国家或地区物质文明、精神文明和政治文明整体发展水平的一个重要标志.目前山东女性人才资源开发在其规模、比重、质量水平、分布结构等方面指标都偏低.从世界各国人才发展的几种模式考察,山东正处在第一阶段后半期即由"金字塔型"向"枣核型"的过渡阶段.制约女性人才发展的人口经济学因素主要是女性人口整体文化素质、教育收益、城市化水平、就业水平等几个方面.