新疆边境民族地区公安边防群众工作探析

新疆边境民族地区群众工作具有敏感性、军事性、复杂性、长远性等特点。公安边防部队在开展该地区群众工作时,应以确保国家安全和边境和谐稳定为基本目标,以加快该地区经济社会发展为重点,不断增强边境地区少数民族群众的政治认同和中华民族文化认同。正确执行党和国家的民族宗教政策,严格区分民族宗教领域两类不同性质的矛盾,通过在边境少数民族群众中开展宣传活动、扶贫帮困活动等多种途径做好公安边防部队群众工作。     

同构原理视域下的法治理念与公安执法关系研究

法治理念是依法治国的观念基础,公安执法是实现依法治国的重要途径。基于共同的价值追求,两者在对法律、权力、权利和程序的认知方面具有高度一致性,因而具有同构关系。从理论上论证两者之间的同构关系,分析其交互功能价值,对未来我国法治建设和公安执法规范化建设具有理论指导意义。     

侦查人员证言证明力问题研究简

侦查人员作为证人相比一般的证人,有其自身的特殊性。对侦查人员证言的审查,重点是要审查证言内容是侦查人员的直接感知还是侦查人员对案件事实的分析、判断和评价。检察人员要达成科学心证,要综合审查侦查人员证言及其他相关证据,排除非法证人证言,得出合理结论。在没有特别证据的情况下,一般不应认为,侦查人员系案件的利害关系人,但在妨害公务类案件中,由于被害人一般为侦查人员的同事,侦查人员应属于广义上的同案件有利害关系的人。此外,收集侦查人员证言要严格按照刑诉法及相关规定的明确要求。     

Correlation between saw blade width and kerf width

Most studies of saw marks have focused on morphological characteristics and their utility in identifying saws suspected to have been utilized in cases of criminal dismemberment. The present study examined the extent to which metric analysis may be used to correlate saw blade measurements with minimum kerf widths (MKWs). A sample of 56 partially defleshed white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) long bones was utilized as proxy for human remains. The long bones were cut using a variety of commercially available saws, including 11 manual‐powered and 5 mechanical‐powered saws. A total of 496 false start kerfs (FSKs) were created. Two experiments were performed, with the first test examining the MKWs of FSKs produced on specimens that were restrained using a bench vise, while the second test analyzed the MKWs of FSKs produced on minimally restrained specimens. Statistical analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) indicated a positive relationship between saw blade width (mm) and MKW, with blade width (p < 0.001) and the overall difference between the mechanical‐ and manual‐powered saws (p = 0.029) tested, reaching statistical significance. A comparison of MKWs produced using manual‐powered saws on restrained and minimally restrained bones suggests that restraint condition (p = 0.009) has a statistically significant effect. In comparisons of MKWs to blade widths, the average ratio for mechanical‐powered saws is 18.7% greater than the average ratio for manual‐powered saws. While the mode of the ratios was 1.42, thus supporting the general rule that MKW does not exceed 1.5 times blade width, multiple individual ratios did surpass 1.5.     

Interpreting Injury Mechanisms of Blunt Force Trauma from Butterfly Fracture Formation

According to biomechanics of fracture production during blunt impact, tubular bones are subject to compressive (impact site) and tensile (opposite impact site) forces; this causes bones to break in tension before compression, producing Y-shaped fracture patterns with breakaway (butterfly) fragments. In current forensic models, the side of the bone exhibiting the breakaway fragment is designated the impact side, with initial breakage occurring opposite. Fracture production and patterning of blunt impacts to 255 sheep femora were analyzed. Contra the existing model, only 60% of complete butterfly fractures exhibited impact side breakaway fragments. Although fractures initiated on the tension, nonimpact side, butterfly fragments formed on either compression or tension sides. Using newly defined breakaway fragment shape criteria, impact side was estimated with 98% accuracy for both complete and partial butterfly fractures. Furthermore, the results suggest that the impact site is the located on one of the Y-fracture's arms, not the butterfly fragment's center, as previously modeled.     

中国现代政党制度的发生学考察

中国政党制度在从资本主义政党制度向社会主义政党制度的现代转型中,经历了以资产阶级政党制度为主要内容的旧民主主义革命阶段、以国共两党围绕民主联合政府展开斗争合作为主要内容的新民主主义革命阶段和共产党领导的多党合作制度阶段。本文据此侧重从中国现代政党制度前史和毛泽东有关政党制度的两个文本的角度对中国现代政党制度作了发生学的考察,并由此得出了中国现代政党制度的经验和启示。     

宪法上征收规范的效力是否及于征税:一个比较法的观察

宪法上的征收规范一般不拘束征税。从德国法和美国法的情形来看,宪法上的征收规范对征税具有"弱拘束力",只有在极端情形中,征税可能因违反征收规范而无效。《德国基本法》上的征收规范对征税的拘束力主要表现为"半数原则",美国宪法上的征收规范对征税的拘束力主要表现为"极其武断的征税构成没有补偿的征收"。《德国基本法》和美国宪法的规则对解释中国宪法上的征收规范具有借鉴意义。     

Examining fatal and nonfatal incidents involving the TASER

Research Summary According to TASER International, nearly 10,000 police departments in the United States have deployed the TASER as a less lethal force alternative in some capacity. Despite the TASER's increasing popularity, serious questions have been raised about the device's physiological side effects; in particular, Amnesty International has reported that more than 300 people have died after being subjected to the TASER. Although a growing body of research has examined the physiological effects of the TASER on animals and healthy human volunteers in laboratory settings, there has been virtually no empirical analysis of “real‐world” fatal and nonfatal TASER cases simultaneously. This article examines all media reports of TASER incidents from 2002 to 2006 through a comprehensive review of LexisNexis and New York Times archives. We compare TASER incidents in which a fatality occurred to TASER incidents in which a fatality did not occur and then employ multivariate analyses to identify the incident and suspect characteristics that are predictive of articles describing TASER‐proximate deaths. Policy Implications Several suspect factors were significantly associated with the reporting of a fatal TASER incident, including drug use (but not alcohol), mental illness, and continued resistance. Multiple deployments of the TASER against a suspect was also associated with the likelihood of the article describing a fatality—especially if the suspect was emotionally disturbed—which raises the possibility that the risk of multiple shocks might not be uniform for all suspects. More research is needed to explore the relationship between mental illness, drug use (illicit or therapeutic), continued resistance, and increased risk of death. In the meantime, police departments should develop specific policies and training governing the use of multiple TASER shocks against individuals who could be in these vulnerable physiological and psychological states.     

供给侧结构性改革背景下兼并重组企业劳动关系的协调力研究 —— 以东部沿海地区制造企业为例

本研究基于东部沿海地区制造企业的调查，从员工自制力、企业管理力、工会协商力、政府指 导力和非政府组织监督力等五个维度构建了劳动关系协调力对雇员和谐感受的结构方程模型，分析了中国制造 企业劳动关系协调力与雇员和谐感受之间的路径系数。研究表明，员工自制力、企业管理力、政府指导力和非 政府组织监督力对雇员和谐感受具有显著性的正向作用，它们的路径系数从大到小依次为非政府组织监督力、 政府指导力、员工自制力、企业管理力。工会协商力对雇员和谐感受虽然具有正向作用，但不显著。构建企业 和谐劳动关系，需要健全“五力联动”的劳动关系协调机制，其中，政府相关职能部门要发挥更大的指导作用， 企业工会的使命和职责需要进一步明确和增强，非政府组织的监督和维权行为需要进一步完善和规范。     

论警力开发

警力开发是使警察的社会治安控制能力得以提高和增强的过程。本文通过对目前公安队伍警力不强的原因及进行警力开发必要性的探讨,在此基础上阐述了如何开发警力的建议。