Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects

Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.     

试论我国警察在执法中使用武力存在的问题及规范

近年来,暴力抗法、群体性事件的频发,人民警察作为国家安全的保卫者、法律的执行者需要及时采取行动,现场情况到达一定危险程度时,人民警察就要使用武力来维护社会的秩序与保障人民的生命、财产不受侵犯。但人民警察使用武力的行为不可避免的会对人民的私权利进行侵害,因此对于人民警察在行使武力执法权制止违法犯罪嫌疑人时的条件具有严格的规定[1]。该文对人民警察运用武力行使执法权时存在的问题及其规范的探讨,有利于协调人民警察使用公权力与人民的私权利在冲突时的利益平衡关系。     

The Erratic Behavior of Lesions in Burnt Bone

This study analyses depressed fractures (by blunt force trauma) and circular full‐thickness injuries (drill injuries and gunshot wounds) in charred bones. Fifty bovine ribs (total 104 lesions) were divided into three groups. The first group consisted in 20 depressed hammer‐produced fractures; in the second one, 60 round drill‐holes were produced (30 circular, 30 semicircular); in the third group, 12 fleshed and 12 skeletonized ribs were hit by 9‐mm bullets. Each specimen was carbonized in an electric oven up to 800°C. Morphological and metric analyses were performed before and after: morphological features were preserved, but depressed fractures showed an increase in their dimensions (p‐value < 0.05); the drilled holes shrunk (p‐value < 0.01); the charring cycle increased the number of fractures in samples with gunshot wounds differently in fleshed and defleshed ribs. This study showed the complex behavior of charred bone, for what concerns the interpretation of trauma and how caution should be applied.     

统一战线与中华民族凝聚力的互动——新社会阶层统战工作思路及对策初探

中华民族凝聚力的增强离不开统一战线,统一战线的发展需要不断增强中华民族凝聚力.从这个意义上说,在全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的今天,积极探索如何做好新社会阶层的统战工作,既是新时期统战工作内在发展的要求,更是统一战线与中华民族凝聚力获得新发展的一个生长点.     

论教育培训对农村剩余劳动力转移的意义

随着城镇化和农业现代化的推进,农村富余劳动力的人数与日俱增,如何实现农村富余劳动力的稳定有序转移,成为我国当前的突出问题之一。加强对农村劳动力职业技能的培训,提高其就业能力,教育引导其提高综合素质,实现观念上的同步转移,是加快我国劳动力转移速度、提高转移质量的根本途径。     

"强迫组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪"之解读

“以暴力、胁迫手段组织残疾人或者不满14周岁的未成年人乞讨的”是《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(六)》第17条所新增加的犯罪。根据立法规定和罪名确定的基本原则,其宜称为“强迫组织残疾人、儿童乞讨罪”。强迫组织残疾人、儿童进行乞讨的行为,严重侵犯了残疾人、儿童的人身权利。实践中,应当厘清它与违反治安处罚法的一般违法乞讨行为、拐骗儿童罪、故意伤害罪等的界限。     

钝性暴力致脾破裂的发生机制研究

脾破裂与外伤之间因果关系的判断是法医学鉴定中一个十分常见但又非常棘手的问题。探究脾破裂的机制是解决上述问题的必要的理论基础。本文收集了２５例钝性暴力致脾破裂的案例，对脾破裂的部位与暴力打击部位及方向的关系进行了分析、整理，探讨了人体各部位遭受暴力作用后脾破裂的特点，及钝性暴力导致脾破裂的机制，发现脾破裂的机制主要包括直接暴力冲击以及脾脏在受外力作用后撞击胃、隔肌、脊柱、肋骨和胸后壁等两类，并指出对脾破裂机制的进一步研究将成为法医学鉴定研究工作中的一项重要课题。     

发挥闽文化在统一战线工作中的作用

在中华文化的历史中,闽文化以其强烈的海洋性“反脯”着主流文化。在21世纪,闽文化是不可或缺的本土区域文化资源,也是凝聚海外华人、台湾民众的中华文明载体。     

Blunt force cranial trauma in the Cambodian killing fields

In this paper we present a unique pattern of blunt force cranial trauma that was observed in 10 of a sample of 85 crania from a Cambodian skeletal collection comprised of Khmer Rouge victims. Initial examination of the trauma, which presents as substantial damage to the occipital with fractures extending to the cranial base, suggested the pattern was classifiable as a basilar or ring fracture. However, further investigation, including trauma analysis and historical research, revealed that this fracture type is distinctive from basilar and ring fractures. Historical data indicate that a particular execution method was the likely source of the trauma. Recognition of this trauma pattern is significant because it exemplifies the distinct fracture configuration resulting from an apparently categorical and methodical execution technique. Identification of this fracture type could potentially assist forensic investigators in the recognition of specific methods of murder or execution.     

行政诉讼中“和解协议”制度分析——制度比较和构建的视角

行政诉讼和解的目的在于节省司法资源,尽快结束诉讼,这符合构建和谐诉讼的理念。和解协议在性质上既具有行政法上的性质,又具有诉讼法上的性质。经确认的和解协议具有与生效判决相同的效力。当和解协议存在瑕疵时,结合我国行政诉讼法的立法现状,通过再审来启动救济程序。