Skeletal Trauma Resulting From Fatal Low (≤3 m) Free Falls: An Analysis of Fracture Patterns and Morphologies

The skeletal trauma resulting from fatal low (≤3 m) free falls is poorly researched and understood by forensic practitioners. The aim of this study was to identify the types of skeletal trauma resulting from low falls through investigating fracture patterns and morphologies. Skeletal trauma was analyzed using full‐body postmortem computed tomography scans of 145 individuals who died from a low free fall. Trauma was then contextualized to the variables that influence how a person falls using multiple logistic regression. Results showed fracture patterning primarily involved the axial skeleton and that there were a number of patterns significantly associated with the height fallen, pre‐existing health conditions, and age. Analysis of fracture morphologies showed 108 possible fracture types, six of which were significantly associated with the height fallen. Understanding the skeletal trauma characteristic of low free falls will further inform anthropological interpretations of trauma in cases where a fall may be considered the possible mechanism.     

论民事诉讼中自由证明的构建

自由证明作为与严格证明相对立的一种证明模式,体现了根据不同待证事实的特性采用不同证明方式的诉讼分流理念及价值,并已在较多国家得到广泛确立和适用。而我国目前的民事诉讼证明制度中尚未确立这一证明模式,理论界更是未对其引起足够的重视和研究,这就极大地限制了我国民事诉讼中证明制度的体系化和多元化构建。如何在我国民事诉讼的证明制度中合理构建自由证明制度,使其在证明待证事实中发挥自身应有的优势,逐步实现我国民事诉讼证明制度的体系化和多元化构建,从而为法院合理有效地认定待证事实提供一个更为高效、公正的制度环境是值得研究和探讨的问题。     

惩罚性赔偿适用中的责任竞合问题研究

惩罚性赔偿是一种赔偿数额超出实际损害数额的赔偿形式。它本来源于英美法系,1993年我国《消费者权益保护法》引入这一赔偿制度,并在《合同法》、《食品安全法》、《侵权责任法》等法律中得到进一步的确定。可以说,我国关于惩罚性赔偿的法律规定已经形成一个条文集团。这些众多的法律条文在适用上会遭遇到责任竞合问题,即几部法律同时适用于同一个行为的情形。然而,一个行为不可能被多次追诉,否则会有违禁止多重追诉的法治原则。从公私法划分的角度,惩罚性赔偿在适用上可能出现的责任竞合情形包括两大类：一是在私法内部的责任竞合问题;二是惩罚性赔偿与公法上的惩处相竞合的问题。针对不同性质的竞合问题,应当采用不同的竞合原则。     

从"自由裁量"到"理性裁量"--论证据判断的理性化保证

裁判者在判断诉讼证据价值上的自由裁量权一直是客观存在的。在自由心证制度下,证据判断上的自由裁量权得以正当化。但自由裁量并非任意裁量,而是由一系列制度制约和保障的合理裁量。我国也应当吸收相关经验建立证据裁量理性化的制度保障体系,使法官在证据评判中的“自由裁量”转变为“理性裁量”。     

警察的自由裁量权及其规制

面对纷繁复杂的现代社会,国家赋予警察部门及警察人员一定限度的自由裁量权是有正当根据的。然而,权力扩张的本质一再告诫我们:有权力必应有规制。本文从警察自由裁量权存在之根源及警察行为的分析入手,探讨规制的意义并讨论正确行使自由裁量权的条件。     

东盟-海合会经贸合作关系：现状、基础及特点

东盟与海合会之间从早期的零散经济接触发展到深入的以＂粮食换石油＂为核心内容框架、多类商品贸易为基础的经贸合作领域;在此过程之中,东盟和海合会内部分别建立了自由贸易区和共同市场,并且建立东盟-海合会自由贸易区开始成为双方的共识,新加坡-海合会自由贸易区的建立以及随之而来马来西亚的诉求可以视作渐进式推进东盟与海合会关系发展的具体步骤。不仅如此,东盟与海合会之间的制度建设也取得重大进展,双方部长级会议已经成型,互派大使也将实现。所有这些对于进一步保障东盟和海合会的安全利益有着切实的积极意义。东盟-海合会自由贸易区未来的建立将会成为全球诸多自由贸易区之间相互连接的重要一环。     

萧红与三毛"女性意识"与"自由意识"解读

萧红与三毛都是极富才华的女作家,尽管她们生活的时空不同,命运也不相同,但她们都具有自觉的生命意识萧红在抗击"男权文化"方面慷慨悲歌,尽显女性意识的自觉;而三毛在张扬"自由生命"方面独步世界.她们都在自己的时代活出了精彩,自觉的生命意识使她们的人生与众不同,这才是其构筑自己独具韵味的具有生命自传特色的艺术世界的前提.     

Free trade agreements and “economic territory” as a geoeconomic imaginary in South Korea

Since the early 2000s, the discourse of “economic territory” has surfaced in conjunction with economic neoliberalization in South Korea. This paper argues that economic territory as a geoeconomic imaginary not only facilitated the expansion of free trade agreements as an accumulation strategy but also served as a hegemonic project which masked the nature of an accumulation strategy as a class project and consolidated political legitimacy by manipulating nationalism. To examine this linkage, it critically draws upon the idea of cultural political economy (CPE) developed by Lancaster-based sociologists Bob Jessop and Ngai-Ling Sum. This paper offers a fresh and more substantial interpretation of South Korea’s political economy and opens up new analytical space for CPE.     

The right to a fair criminal trial： A South African perspective

The right to a free and fair trial is one of the most basic human fights afforded to mankind. In South Africa, prior to 1994, this right was afforded to accused persons by common law only. The criminal justice system in South Africa however has been changing radically since 1994 due to the inception of first the Interim Constitution and later the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. South Africa has a history of human rights abuses-also with regard to criminal trials. The right to a fair trial is now constitutionally enshrined and protected by the Bill of Rights. As a result thereof the application of this right by the South African courts has also changed and what would have passed muster in this regard prior to 1994 would not necessarily do so now. This paper seeks to explain what the right to a fair criminal trial in a democratic South Africa entails with reference to South Africa＇s international obligations in this regard as well as the provisions of the South African Constitution and case law.     

版权与表达自由之协调

版权与表达自由之间存在内在的紧张,传统版权法在两者之间通过合理使用等制度进行了适当的协调,但在数字技术与网络环境下,新近纳入版权法的技术措施保护对表达自由产生了新的紧张关系,这需要重申利益平衡的版权法精神。