美国服刑人员诉诸司法之权利的宪法保护研究——以美国宪法判例为对象

在美国,服刑人员诉诸司法之权利是一项受宪法保护的基本权利。这一权利的基本权利性质并非来自于宪法文本的明文规定,而是由宪法判例加以确认的。从服刑人员诉诸司法之权利领域的案例法发展历程来看,美国联邦最高法院的司法判断决定了服刑人员诉诸司法之权利受到保护的层次、程度和范围,其中1977年的邦德斯案具有里程碑意义。虽然立法和行政对这一案例法的发展状况也产生了一定影响,但司法的独特功能是实现对服刑人员诉诸司法之权利进行宪法保护的根本保障。     

Provisional concepts and definitions of fact

The paper explains and differentiates the concept of ‘fact’ in the legal setting. Fact and evidence, fact/falsity distinguished; fact and law considered -- a real difference or a pragmatic device? Questions of fact and degree considered, in themselves and in the context of jury trial and of appeals. Primary fact, factual inferences from primary fact, questions of classification of fact are considered. Whether inference is supported by evidence, and whether classification is correct may be questions of law. Issues of fact and opinion, fact and comment, relative to freedom of speech, defamation etc: no clear distinction available. Legal problems concerning absence of workable distinctions.

     

论外交保护行为的司法审查

外交保护行为属于国家特权和政治问题不足以成为其豁免司法审查的充分理由,近年来,某些西方国家的宪法法院已经开始受理外交保护行为司法审查案件,并对其实质问题进行审理。然而,外交保护行为毕竟具有很强的政治性和外交性,司法机关应当保持一定程度的司法节制,尊重行政机关的判断和自由裁量权,因而,是否将外交保护行为纳入司法审查的范围以及司法审查的范围和强度应当在尊重和保障基本人权和实现行政效能之间寻求适当平衡,在突破外交保护行为非具可司法审查性的先验假定禁区的同时,在受案范围、条件以及审查决定类型等方面予以合理限制。     

和谐与发展 建设平安贵州

低价征地是矿/群矛盾产生的根源。"等价征购"既是包括贵州在内的西部地区矿产资源开发过程中化解矿/群矛盾的治本之策,又具有促进和谐与发展、建设平安贵州的重要意义。马克思的地租和地价理论是"等价征购"、计算地价的依据。     

Multiculturalism,recognition and the “Kurdish question” in Turkey: the outline of a normative framework

Despite the ever-growing literature on various aspects of the Kurdish question in Turkey, there are practically no normative discussions of Kurdish demands for the public recognition of their identities. This is all the more startling given the ascendancy of philosophical accounts in the literature on minority rights. This article will try to redress the balance by proposing a normative framework that could be used to justify Kurdish demands for recognition, drawing on the broader debates that revolve around Charles Taylor's seminal conceptualization of “the politics of recognition”. In this context, I will identify nationalism, a strategy used both by the state to suppress demands for recognition and by the minorities to put forward these demands, as the most serious hurdle in the way of the democratic resolution of the “Kurdish question” in Turkey and promote a form of recognition-based multiculturalism that (a) respects the basic rights of all citizens, not only those in whose name the said claims are made, but also those of the members of the majority against which the claims are voiced; (b) leaves room for alternative values or conceptions of the good life.     

马克思政治伦理的基本观念与当代价值

马克思政治伦理以哲学—人性的分析、实践唯物主义思维方式以及历史唯物主义的科学方法,实现了政治关系从"应然"到"实然"的转变。马克思政治伦理具有客观必然性,其基本观念蕴含着三个方面,即马克思哲学的政治性质、对政治经济学批判以及科学社会主义理论的方法,这三个方面是相互融合、相互交织在一起的。马克思政治伦理思想超越了西方传统政治伦理思想,实现了革命性变革,它对于构建当代中国政治伦理学的理论体系,促进中国特色社会主义政治文明发展具有极其重要的价值和意义。     

Fundamental value: a category in transformation

Abstract

‘Fundamental value’ is a canonical category in both Marxian and neo-classical economics. In application to finance and financial crisis, it is laden with complexity. For Marxists, it has underscored a focus on the distinctions between production and circulation, real and fictitious capital. These debates have dominated Marxian responses to the financial crisis. In mainstream finance and economics, the term has undergone transformation and historically driven adaptation. Marxian analysis could fruitfully follow this lead. This paper identifies that transformation as an expression of capital's transforming calculation project. As capital becomes more liquid, the concept of fundamental value itself must embrace liquidity, yet, in embracing liquidity, fundamental value loses its established definitive capacity.     

论宪法社会基本权的分类与构成

社会基本权是宪法基本权利体系中的重要组成部分 ,区别于自由权。到目前为止 ,它还是一个比较笼统的概念和指称。依据文献研究方法 ,兼采理论与司法实务见解 ,社会基本权应进一步区分为 :经济权利、狭义的社会权利和文化权利 ,且不同类型的权利在各国得到承认和普遍化的程度不相一致。与自由权相比 ,各种社会基本权还只停留在指导原则和宪法委托阶段 ,其司法救济程度还比较低 ,主要依赖立法裁量和行政措施     

适应现代市场经济必须取消农业税——我国农村税制改革的出路思考之一

我国农村税制改革的第一步是取消农业税,认清我国农业税的性质和取消农业税的原因是一个重要理论前提.我国的农业税名义上(法定的)是收益税,形式上是资源税,本质上是对农业生产行为征税,是行为税.在当代工业化市场经济国家,免征农业税是通例,而且征收农业税违背税收公平和效率原则.为了保持我国农业部门的可持续发展和增强我国农产品的国内、国际竞争力,"支农"措施必须从取消农业税开始.     

论"三个代表"重要思想的新哲学观

马克思主义哲学观是"三个代表"重要思想的理论基础,"三个代表"重要思想又蕴涵着一系列新的马克思主义哲学观.主要表现为与世俱进的时代观,与实俱进的实践观,与时俱进的真理观,与机俱进的发展观,与是俱进的规律观.