西方司法证明科学的新发展

本文对西方当代司法证明科学领域几项突出的新发展作了介绍和评析:运用贝叶斯定理对事实判定者的认知过程加以量化;适用似真推理弥补传统形式逻辑推理的不足;建立相应的似真推理平台——对话理论;将信息科学引入证明过程。这些新发展突破了传统司法证明理论的瓶颈,为司法证明科学的发展注入了新的活力。     

辩证推理中的大前提的选择——语用学的视角

辩证推理是在大前提不明确或相互矛盾的情况下，借助辩证思维寻找或选择最佳的大前提以解决法律问题所进行的推理。辩证推理不是没有前提的推理，只是这大前提不像形式推理那样由制定法明确地规定，而是法官以价值判断基于特定语境的案件事实审视和选择出来的，法官对大前提的选择具有语用学的性质。     

一个结合时态的法律规范推理系统TDWL’0

义务冲突问题的存在，使法律规范推理的应用功能受到限制，让其成为规范逻辑研究中必需解决的问题。通过对义务的具体语境进行分析，提出结合义务的时态因素建立法律规范推理系统TDWL’0的新主张，这不但可以有效处理义务冲突问题，并且有利于增强规范逻辑在法律实践领域中的应用价值。     

试论法医轻、重伤鉴定的分析论证

根据鉴定结论的法律属性。就法医轻、重伤鉴定的分析论证进行探讨，提出其分析论证至少应包括损伤事实的认定、因果关系的判断和“标准”条款的适用三个部分的内容，同时就各部分所应遵循的原则进行论述，使这类鉴定真正达到以损伤事实为依据．以法律、“标准”为准绳的目的。     

Do a Law’s Policy Implications Affect Beliefs About Its Constitutionality? An Experimental Test

Although a substantial empirical literature has found associations between judges' political orientation and their judicial decisions, the nature of the relationship between policy preferences and constitutional reasoning remains unclear. In this experimental study, law students were asked to determine the constitutionality of a hypothetical law, where the policy implications of the law were manipulated while holding all legal evidence constant. The data indicate that, even with an incentive to select the ruling best supported by the legal evidence, liberal participants were more likely to overturn laws that decreased taxes than laws that increased taxes. The opposite pattern held for conservatives. The experimental manipulation significantly affected even those participants who believed their policy preferences had no influence on their constitutional decisions.     

行政处罚告知内容若干问题探讨

行政处罚告知的内容,在实践中存在着告知事项不全、权利告知模糊、义务告知没有法定化、说理性不足等问题。本文结合行政法学理论分析以上问题存在的危害,并建设性地提出了解决的方案及完善告知内容的设想,力求使告知内容法定化、合理化。     

科学证据可采性标准的认识论反思与重构

科学证据的可采性是指是采纳某一科学证据作为证明某一事实的标准或条件。目前我国还没有建立明确的科学证据可采性标准,而在科学证据研究最发达的英美国家,科学证据可采性标准中的一些基本要素也是纠缠不清的。通过对科学证据可采性标准的历史考察和认识论反思,并根据科学证据在真相发现中的功能,可以尝试从内在属性和外在属性两个方面来审视科学证据可采性的结构。科学证据可采性的标准主要包括：科学证据本身的科学有效性、可靠性、科学相关性以及科学专家的可信性等。     

The Contribution of Organized Youth Sport to Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescent Athletes

In this study, we investigated the contribution of organized youth sport to antisocial and prosocial behavior in adolescent athletes. The sample consisted of N=260 male and female soccer players and competitive swimmers, 12 to 18 years of age. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that 8% of the variance in antisocial behavior and 7% of the variance in prosocial behavior could be attributed to characteristics of the sporting environment. Results suggested that coaches who maintain good relationships with their athletes reduce antisocial behavior, and that exposure to relatively high levels of sociomoral reasoning within the immediate context of sporting activities promotes prosocial behavior. These results point to specific aspects of adolescents’ participation in sport that can be used to realize the educational potential of organized youth sport. She is currently writing her Ph.D. thesis on sports and education. Interests include moral development, behavioral adaptation, and delinquency. Associate Professor of Special Education at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His research interests include socio-emotional development and moral education. Professor of Educational Theory in the School of Education and life long learning, University of Exeter, UK. His research focuses on the role of communication in education. Professor of Special Education at the Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His research interests concern socio-emotional development and developmental psychopathology, especially within the framework of attachment theory. She is working on a Ph.D. thesis on dyslexia. Her interests include socio-emotional development and learning problems. Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Assistant Professor at the Department of Developmental Psychology of Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Interests include methods of developmental research and multilevel modeling. University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Education     

论司法证明中的推定

推定是司法证明的重要方法之一,其与推理和推论是相互联系、相互依存的.根据不同的标准,可以将推定分为立法推定与司法推定;可反驳的推定与不可反驳的推定等种类.     

刑事证明法律推理客观性分析

刑事证明中法律推理的客观性不仅应体现在事实领域内,也应体现在价值领域内。它对于练就司法人员的理性思维、培养尊重程序意识、实现法治等有重要作用。刑事证明中法律推理的客观性的建构依赖于刑事证明法律推理自身的客观性、遵循逻辑基本规律及推理主体正确的价值观。而“天然逻辑学”对我国刑事诉讼中法律推理的客观性具有指导及释明作用,可为其科学建构提供逻辑理论基础。