图形推理研究

对于人类的智能而言,抽象推理和形象推理缺一不可,而图形推理是形象推理非常重要的形式。积极、深入地开展图形推理规律的研究,对于揭示人类智能的本质、进一步开发人类的智力潜能具有非常重要的理论意义。图形推理是以推理为主、其他思维方式为辅的综合性思维过程;图形推理的有效性既考虑图形在空间形式结构上的联系,又考虑图形与图形之间内容上的联系;图形推理的结论有些是确定的,有些是不确定的,图形推理培养的是发散型思维。图形推理可以分为必然型和或然型、确定型和不确定型、直指型和意谓型、平面型和立体型等多种不同的推理形式。图形推理具有重要的创新功能。     

法律中的可辩驳推理

法律中的可辩驳推理是法律方法研究中的一个新课题。可辩驳推理作为一种独立的推理模式而在各个领域发生影响主要有以下三种理论的支持:其一,哲学的“语用学转向”;其二,人工智能研究的深入;其三,单一性法律推理向非单一性法律推理的转向。法律中的可辩驳推理可以分为三个维度:推定的可辩驳性;过程的可辩驳性和理论的可辩驳性。可辩驳推理对法律方法、法律论证与民主法治等重大的法律理论问题都产生了深远的影响。     

Deficits in Theory of Mind,empathic understanding and moral reasoning: a comparison between young offenders and non-offenders

Previous research suggests a lack of pro-social skills is characteristic of an antisocial or offending personality. It is therefore reasonable to assume that an inadequate understanding of another's mental state may contribute to antisocial or offending behaviour. Forty-six young-adult male offenders and a control completed measures to assess: Theory of Mind (ToM), empathic understanding (EU) and moral reasoning. Significant differences in the performance of young-adult offenders and the control group were detected in ToM, EU and moral reasoning with young-adult offenders scoring lower than the control group. A positive association was also found between ToM, EU and moral reasoning. These findings contribute to a further understanding of how individuals make sense of, and respond to, the social world around them. The ability to measure ToM, EU and moral reasoning and subsequently identify any specific deficits, as well as recognise the link between these three key skills, is not only useful for researchers but it will also allow practitioners to tailor existing (or develop new) interventions specific to the needs of an individual. This could be particularly useful in terms of recidivism when applied to those involved in antisocial or offending behaviour.     

后果主义与绝对主义道德推理的法哲学思考

道德的缺失,伦理的滑坡成为当今时代哲学研究的一大热点问题,每个民族自古以来都有对道德研究的不同理论,这些理论在实践中得到检验并不断发展,构成所谓的"哲学"内核。从法哲学的角度通过对后果主义、绝对主义道德推理的内容以及方法论后果论方面阐述了边沁的功利主义思想和康德的绝对主义思想的理论内涵,试图借鉴外国法哲学先哲的研究理论来解决当下中国存在的现实问题。     

Exposing Politicians’ Peccadilloes in Comparative Context: Explaining the Frequency of Political Sex Scandals in Eight Democracies Using Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Political sex scandals are largely absent in some democracies but proliferate in others. However, there have so far been few if any comprehensive attempts to document the actual number of sex scandals that have occurred and to explain their presence (and, indeed, absence), and the one study that has (Barker's 1994 study) ended in the early 1990s and had numerous problems in relation to defining and documenting such scandals. Based on extensive research, this article documents the number of sex scandals in eight advanced industrial democracies and tries to explain their occurrence using Charles Ragin's fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The article has three goals: to determine the number of sex scandals in different democracies, explain why this might be, and demonstrate the utility of fuzzy set qualitative case analysis for small- and medium-N comparative research.     

运用等级赋值法对国家科技秘密进行密级评价的探讨

国家科技秘密密级评价的方法是当前需要解决的一个重要课题。本文针对目前评价方法的不足,结合科技秘密密级评价的规律与特点,提出了运用模糊综合评判中等级赋值的方法进行定密, 以期弥补我国当前国家科技秘密密级评价方法的不足。     

对提高公安院校学生逻辑推理能力的思考

公安工作的每一个环节,都与逻辑有不解之缘。逻辑学作为公安院校学生的必修课程,如何通过教学提高学生的逻辑推理能力,是公安院校教学改革中亟待研究的一个课题,必须调整教学内容和教学计划,创新教学方法。