土地犯罪研究

土地犯罪的立法缘起于经济迅猛发展之下的深刻土地危机及保护土地的特殊需要。土地资源是人类生产和生活不可替代的物质基础,是国脉所系,民生所系的“生命线”。土地犯罪是对社会根本利益的侵犯,是对我们生命线的破坏。惩治土地犯罪是现实的呼唤,历史的必然。修订后的《刑法》及《土地管理法》增设了土地犯罪及其刑事责任的规定,完善了土地法律责任体系,对合理利用和有效保护我们稀缺的土地资源具有不可估量的现实意义,现实迫切需要深化土地犯罪的理论研究,以指导法律的准确运用。     

Questioning Appeals to Community within Crime Prevention and Control

This article casts a critical eye over some of the (often ignored) assumptions which underlie recent appeals to community in crime prevention and control. The article considers the philosophical origins, ambiguities and tensions within such appeals. In so doing, it draws explicitly upon the growth of community safety and to a lesser extent restorative justice in Britain and considers some of the implications to which this shift may give rise. In particular, it focuses upon the manner in which appeals to community converge and collide with changing social relations which may undermine their progressive potential. Specific attention is given to the implications of: increasing social and spatial dislocation; the commodification of security; and policy debates about a growing underclass. It is argued that there is much confusion as to how, and to what extent, communities can contribute to the construction of social order. Within the dynamics of community safety and crime control practices there are dangers that security differentials may become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status with implications for social exclusion. This questions the extent to which crime is an appropriate vehicle around which to (re)construct open and tolerant communities.     

Methods for Understanding and Analyzing NIBRS Data

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is an incident-basedcrime reporting program for local, state, and federal law enforcementagencies. Within each criminal incident, NIBRS captures information onoffenses, victims, offenders, property, and persons arrested, as well asinformation about the incident itself. The ability to link and analyze thisdetailed information is a significant improvement to the existing UniformCrime Reporting (UCR) summary reporting system. As one might expect,however, this increase in crime data significantly complicates the life ofthe data analyst, particularly when cross tabulating the NIBRS data. To dealwith the complexity of NIBRS data, one must understand its structure. Thisarticle provides an overview of the NIBRS structure and methods formaneuvering within it to present and interpret correctly cross tabulationsof the NIBRS data.     

组织他人偷越国(边)境罪司法认定若干问题解析

组织他人偷越国(边)境罪的"组织"包括集团犯罪、一般共同犯罪和单独犯罪,协助"组织"包括但不限于首要分子指挥下实施的拉拢、引诱、介绍;持用骗领的出入境证件而出入境属于"偷越",但要予以适当限定。本罪侵害的直接客体是我国的出入境许可制度,以被组织人通过实际国(边)界线或者边防检查为既遂标准。视不同情形,本罪与其他妨害出入境管理秩序犯罪分别形成牵连、吸收或者想象竞合关系。     

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪研判

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪的辨析一直是办案实务中的争议难点。文章对盗窃罪及职务侵占罪进行细化分析并就如何准确定性进行了研判,提出四大定性法则:即"工作之便"抑或"职务之便"定性法则,是否"具有合法权限持有、管理单位财物"定性法则,法益定性法则,被侵犯财物的状况定性法则。     

论处罚条件理论及其形态消释

构建可罚性条件的理论范畴,其核心宗旨就是为使某些事实特征可以成为在三级犯罪体系之外作为权衡刑罚必要性的因素留下余地.然而,这一犯罪构成三级要件之外的独立要件的设置是否如其所盼而有必要,在刑法理论上并非不无疑问.基于双层多阶犯罪构成理论体系,作为可罚性条件内容的事实特征可以置于双层多阶的犯罪构成之中,其所需体现的有关机能也可经由双层多阶的犯罪构成得以实现,这也是在犯罪构成理论中对于“以构成要件行为为基本线索、以具备主观责任为必要”的基本理念的坚持.     

对绑架罪中绝对确定法定刑条款的思考

我国刑法在绑架罪中规定,绑架＂致使被绑架人死亡＂和＂杀害被绑架人＂处死刑。这种绝对确定的法定刑符合罪刑法定的要求,有利于司法的一致性。但是,绑架＂致使被绑架人死亡＂和＂杀害被绑架人＂分别包含不同情形,二者相互之间及其不同情形的主观恶性和社会危害性等不尽相同,根据罪责刑相适应原则,不应当采取完全相同的法定刑。绑架罪中绝对确定法定刑应当进行修改,赋予法官一定的自由裁量权,从而更好地实现司法正义。     

论刑事司法解释的溯及力——以甲某非法经营案为切入点

刑事司法解释应当被视为一种"准立法"。据此,刑事司法解释不应当具有溯及力,新颁布的司法解释的内容不能用以评价司法解释生效前行为人所实施的行为。司法机关可以在同时符合两个限定条件的情况下,通过在量刑环节对被告人予以从轻作为解决问题的破局之策。这两个限定条件是:其一,司法机关所适用的刑事司法解释必须是对行为人所实施行为的定性和定量的法律依据。其二,在刑事司法解释颁布前,司法机关在对相关问题的处理上与未来新司法解释的相关规定存在较大差异。     

信息引导职务犯罪侦查模式研究

信息引导职务犯罪侦查是一种全新的侦查模式,这种模式的实现主要通过对信息的收集、管理、研判和共享等措施,使高科技与侦查工作有机融合,从而提升职务犯罪侦查部门的工作效率。     

犯罪的严重性：概念与评价

犯罪的严重性是犯罪的客观危害与主观恶性的统一,它构成决定刑罚的分配的重要基准.对犯罪的严重性的评价应该以体现犯罪的客观危害与主观恶性的所有因素为标准.对犯罪的客观危害的评价应该考虑犯罪所侵害的权益的意义、犯罪的危险的大小、所造成的实际损害的轻重、犯罪的对象、时间、地点与实施程度;对犯罪的主观恶性的评价应该考虑犯罪的罪过形式、犯罪的动机与目的、认识的内容、犯罪的起因、犯罪人的生理与精神状况、犯罪人的身份以及犯罪人在犯罪中的表现.鉴于作为犯罪的严重性的组成部分的客观危害与主观恶性构成既统一又对立的关系,对犯罪的严重性的统一评价应该相应地遵循对立统一律.