男性研究对性别平等教育的意义

实现性别平等是男女双方共同的责任。父权制的性别文化对女性不公的同时也使男性受到了伤害。本文在探讨男性研究的兴起、定位与内涵以及性别平等教育相关概念的基础上,反思男性研究与性别平等教育的内在联系,指出男性研究视角在教育领域的介入,有利于推动性别平等教育的深入发展和开拓新的实践可能,如深化性别角色社会化研究,拓展性教育的多元文化取向,丰富与再现校园中的性别文化等。     

苏联对中国性别平等的影响——以20世纪50年代为例

本文主要讨论在20世纪50年代,社会主义苏联对中国性别平等的影响。中国政府对于苏联模式的仿效与借鉴,以"就业权"上的男女平等最为突出,效果最为显著,以至深刻地影响了几代人的思想与生活。改革开放带给中国人的冲击与反思是强烈的,在苏联模式影响、西方女权主义和中国式妇女解放共存并相互影响的今天,苏联模式与影响虽然已经成为历史讨论的话题,但在经济全球化、文化多元化加速发展的时代,无疑成为全面了解中国社会、中国妇女以及重新审视性别平等的重要方面。     

政治哲学视域中的性别正义

女性主义对公民资格理论传统的批判在凸现传统公民资格理论中女性之缺席的同时,却由于潜在的性别本质化分析而陷入普遍主义正义伦理的两难,关怀伦理成为女性主义摆脱正义伦理两难处境的另类思考。与以关怀为基础的路径相一致,差异性立场、身份政治转而成为女性主义表达其性别正义诉求的武器。但是如果妇女并非一种统一的性别象征,如何能够提出妇女的政治主张?因此,建构一种基于宽容、对话、理解、友爱、团结基础之上的包容不同身份差异(包括性别差异)的公民身份和公民制度成为继身份政治之后女性主义进一步考虑的重点。     

欧盟家庭友好政策的性别视角分析——以父母假指令为例

随着一体化从经济领域"外溢"到社会领域,为了实现"社会欧洲"的建设目标,欧盟在重重压力之下构建了家庭友好政策体系.其出发点是提供劳动力保护,帮助父母协调家庭与工作的矛盾.但是由于其潜在目标是促进劳动力市场的公平竞争而非实现性别平等,因此欧盟家庭友好政策仍然存在着种种缺陷.本文以父母假指令为例,从政策文本、实施水平、欧洲法院的判例三方面对欧盟家庭友好政策进行性别视角分析,认为以上三方面存在的不利因素不仅严重制约了父母假指令效力的发挥,而且还对欧洲社会一体化进程造成较大的负面影响.     

Gender and the academic profession in contemporary Tajikistan: challenges and opportunities expressed by women who remain

This article attempts to describe the deleterious impact of higher educational changes affecting female faculty members working in Tajik universities in the post-Soviet era. Over the past two decades, the social and economic position women gained during Soviet times has significantly eroded, bringing enormous challenges to education and higher education access, completion and staffing. The demographic and cultural marginalization of women here has negatively impacted university teaching opportunities and the status of women faculty members. Ethnographic interviews – along with relevant secondary data – reveal that despite various official gender-equity policies announced by the state, female participation issues remain prominent in the university. Our interviewees also report continued difficulty entering higher faculty ranks and leadership positions in university. However, significant numbers of women are still to be found there, and they report a workable compromise between being professional educators and trying to navigate a local culture that is becoming more ‘traditional’.     

Gender,Ethnicity, and Education as Privileges: Exploring the Generalizability of the Existential Guilt Reaction

Two cross-sectional questionnaire studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous research on the existential guilt reaction. In Study I, gender was considered as a privilege. Male student participants (N = 141) were confronted with the low proportion of women in high-ranking positions and asked to appraise this situation. Self-reported behavior, behavioral intentions, and appeal to authorities aimed at advancing equal opportunities for both genders served as criterion variables. Path analyses were performed to explore the correlation structure among the variables. Self-reported behavior depended most strongly on behavioral intentions and on belief in control. Behavioral intentions depended most strongly on existential guilt. This effect accords to previous existential guilt research. Ethnicity and education were considered as privileges in Study II. Privileged Paraguayan students (N = 80) were confronted with the disadvantageous living conditions of Indians and Campesinos. They were asked to appraise the situation. Behavioral intentions and appeal to authorities directed at improving the living conditions of Indians and Campesinos served as criteria. As in Study I, existential guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions. Study II revealed the role of values in the process of existential guilt and prosocial behavior. This is a new research finding. Indirect effects of the two values of universalism and benevolence on behavioral intentions were obtained. The effect of universalism was mediated by existential guilt and moral outrage, the effect of benevolence was mediated by injustice and existential guilt. Tradition had a negative indirect effect on behavioral intentions. This effect was mediated by justification of deprivation and probably means that adherence to tradition eases the justification of traditionally existing social inequalities in a society.     

女权心理学及其对西方主流心理学的挑战

女权心理学是西方女权主义运动中的一股重要力量。女权心理学试图揭示西方心理学的内容和方法中的男性中心偏见 ,反对扭曲和病态化女性的经验与行为。在女性心理的研究中 ,它既反对夸大性别差异 ,也反对抹杀和取消性别差异。女权心理学质疑西方主流心理学的科学观和方法论 ,认为自然科学的经验实证范式不适合心理学 ,心理学不可能脱离社会文化的影响而进行价值中立的研究     

Public affairs,issues management,and political strategy: opportunities,obstacles, and caveats

This paper evaluates research in corporate public affairs, social issues management and political strategy, and theoretical integration of the three areas and also cross‐disciplinary and cross‐institutional collaboration, especially with business or government officials. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

Recasting Title IX: Addressing Gender Equity in the Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics Professoriate

Questions of gender equity and the underrepresentation of women in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professoriate in U.S. institutions of higher education have become central issues in debates on the role and makeup of the STEM workforce in today's innovation‐driven economy. In response, policy makers, advocacy groups, academics, and other stakeholders have called for the dedicated enforcement of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 as a tool for combating gender inequities in the academic workforce. Although previously applied primarily to gender bias in athletic programs and participation, Title IX was created to address myriad aspects of gender equity in educational institutions and, as such, currently is being invoked in the realm of STEM academic employment. Accordingly, we analyze Title IX relative to categories of potential regulatory development in light of the policy environment and related dynamics. Providing an historical overview of Title IX and its associated regulations as background, we characterize and delineate its relevance to gender disparities in the STEM professoriate, identifying areas for policy consideration and future application.     

安徽省失地农民社会保障问题之研究

在国家的新农村建设政策中,“三农问题”被提到了一个新的高度,然而在现实中的城市化和工业化过程中．却不可避免地出现了大量的失地农民。由于失去赖以生存的土地、当前征地工作中存在问题以及社会保障制度的不健全等原因,造成了失地农民无事可做,经济利益受损,社会保障权益缺失等诸多问题。为了妥善解决这一问题．应构建完善的失地农民社会保障体系,为失地农民建立社会保障制度,同时加强政府在土地征用过程中的作用,切实解决失地农民的社会保障问题。