Gender Safety

Abstract

Despite longstanding efforts towards gender equity and current yet intense focus on school safety, the simple right of boys and girls to an equitable and safe school environment-not to have to negotiate inequity or violence as part of their school day-has yet to be secured. In this article we review the development of “gender equity” and “school safety” as concepts out of which various practices have arisen and argue that these conceptualizations have not proved sufficient to eradicate the problems each targets. We then propose a new approach to this goal of creating and insuring an equitable and safe school environment for girls and boys which sifts out, braids together and builds upon key aspects of gender equity and school safety but is grounded in the articulation of a “missing discourse” of gender within each. Gender safety is built on an acknowledgment of gender as a set of ideologies which are produced reproduced and sustained within (and beyond) school classrooms and hallways. We suggest that a lack of attention to these ideologies is a significant and unrecognized barrier in the are nas of both gender equity and school safety. A key feature of our formulation is the psychosocial significance of gender ideologies in adolescents' daily experiences and in school cultures and climates.

Despite longstanding efforts towards gender equity and current yet intense focus on school safety, the simple right of boys and girls to an equitable and safe school environment-not to have to negotiate inequity or violence as part of their school day-has yet to be secured. In this article we review the development of “gender equity” and “school safety” as concepts out of which various practices have arisen and argue that these conceptualizations have not proved sufficient to eradicate the problems each targets. We then propose a new approach to this goal of creating and insuring an equitable and safe school environment for girls and boys which sifts out, braids together and builds upon key aspects of gender equity and school safety but is grounded in the articulation of a “missing discourse” of gender within each. Gender safety is built on an acknowledgment of gender as a set of ideologies which are produced reproduced and sustained within (and beyond) school classrooms and hallways. We suggest that a lack of attention to these ideologies is a significant and unrecognized barrier in the are nas of both gender equity and school safety. A key feature of our formulation is the psychosocial significance of gender ideologies in adolescents' daily experiences and in school cultures and climates.     

老年社会保障体系存在的问题与完善对策——以江苏省为例

江苏是较早进入人口老龄化的省份之一。近年来,人口老龄化已成为江苏全省面临的一大社会问题,如何解决好老年人的养老问题,对江苏省社会保障事业提出了挑战。本文分析了江苏省老年社会保障体系存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出了完善全省老年社会保障体系的对策。     

When men fight with women (versus other men): Limited offending during disputes

What transpires in a dispute, even a violent dispute, is affected by the tendency for adversaries to engage in “limited offending.” We focus on one restraint: the tendency of men to limit their aggression in their disputes with women. Analyses are based on an incident-level survey about interpersonal disputes administered to 503 men who are incarcerated and 220 men who had never been incarcerated. Using multinomial and logistic regression models, we examined the extent to which an adversary's gender predicted dispute-related behaviors. The evidence suggests that the chivalry norm has pervasive effects on the behavior of men during their disputes with women. Men are more likely to engage in remedial actions (e.g., apologies) when their adversary is a woman, as opposed to another man. In addition, men are less likely to make violent threats and engage in physical attacks when their adversary is a woman, even after they have themselves been physically attacked. When men are violent, they are less likely to injure a woman than a man. However, the chivalry norm does not inhibit verbal aggression in these disputes: men are just as likely to engage in verbal attacks and nonviolent threats when the adversary is a woman.     

房产税制改革几个实质性问题的研究

扩大个人住房房产税改革试点范围,是今年内财税体制改革的重点内容之一。为什么要扩大试点范围,如何看待上海重庆的房改试点,怎样扩大试点范围,如何完善房产税制改革已不再是要抓紧研究的文字问题了,本文提出具体设想。     

老龄化背景下养老服务业发展问题与对策探析——以福建省为例

随着人口老龄化的加剧,养老服务业成为社会关注的一个重要话题。从对福建省部分地市老年人养老服务需求的实证调查结果看,老年人在家政服务、疗养服务和自我实现等方面有着较高的需求。然而福建省养老服务业在政策效应、养老理念、市场培育、专业人才等方面还存在着一些问题,福建省要立足本省省情,在民间资本使用和闽台合作方面发挥自己独特的优势,加快政府职能转变,加大政策支持和引导力度,逐步形成政府宏观管理、社会力量兴办、民间资本注入、按市场化要求自主经营的养老服务管理体制和运行机制。     

节假日高速公路免费政策问题剖析与改进建议

节假日高速公路免费政策是政府让利于民,更好地服务于民的一个好举措,也是公路回归于公益,真正发挥公共产品服务于民的表现。但在实行高速公路免费通行政策之后,我国多条高速公路出现了道路拥堵现象,以及利益协调问题和地区差异问题,改进这些问题应从公众、企业、政府三个层面进行,应通过多方共同努力,使节假日高速公路免费政策更加完善。     

More Female Judges: An Important Way to Adopt Gender Perspective in Judicial Process

As the proverb goes, “There is no right without a remedy”. In order to provide complete protection for women, it is important that the court which has the power to grant remedies adopt a gender perspective in its decision making. Measures like discipline and training turn out to be fruitless to promote the adoption because of their inability to insert a female perspective in male judges, while appointing more female judges proves to be fruitful. Female judges do have different experiences from their male counterparts; hence they have a deep understanding of the plight and demand of women, which will affect the way they address the problems that confront them, both substantive and procedural. In a word, females bring to judging a unique perspective which can better protect women’s rights; thus the appointment of more female judges ought to be adopted as an important social policy.     

乡村社会的性:一种有缺口的禁忌

乡村社会的性是一种有缺口的禁忌。性别角色是性正当化的表现[1],性的日常化彰显了其规范性的一面,性教育机制则是留给性的社会出口,这是性的多重社会属性。乡村社会中的性必须要正当化、日常化、禁忌化,正当化的性体现了社会的正面价值,日常化的性则让性具有了丰富的实践感,禁忌化的性创造了神秘感,并且建构了伦理界限。乡村社会的性就是一个从价值层面到规范层面、从规范层面到实践层面的综合体系。     

女性功利性择偶及文化背景分析

当前女性择偶功利性特征显著,择偶途径公开、多元,参与人员众多,择偶标准注重物质经济条件,并存在急婚恐婚等择偶焦虑心理。经济条件虽改变了人们的思想和婚恋观,但特定的社会性别文化、婚姻制度、婚姻价值观念以及社会舆论氛围却是形成女性功利性择偶观的主要原因。     

诉讼过程中性别问题研究——以刑事诉讼中的角色平等为考察中心

传统的诉讼模式强调两造角色平等、武器对等,却很少关注到角色掩盖下不同性别的具体人的实质平等,从而导致平等在刑事诉讼过程中流于形式。通过质疑传统刑事诉讼不分诉讼主体性别的模式定位,可以发现问题的实质及危害,进而合理建构有条件的差异性平等,同时引起学者就性别问题于诉讼中尤其刑事诉讼中的运用给予更多关注。