运用妇女发展指标推动妇女发展

随着妇女发展研究的深入和推动男女平基本国策的贯彻,妇女发展指标(体系)的建立呼之欲出。本文总结了国际上比较经常使用的妇女发展指标和指标体系,提出了在我国运用妇女发展指标作为推动妇女发展策略的设想,希望能对新的妇女发展指标或指标体系的建立有所借鉴。     

女性文化地位的历史变迁与性别和谐的再造

中国女性的文化地位有一个历史变迁的过程。纵观中国传统封建文化,可以发现女性的文化地位低下。目前中国社会在经历了意义深远的社会转型后,仍然未能以任何令人满意的方式解决妇女文化地位持续偏低的问题。尽管这样,社会变迁仍给女性文化地位的改观带来了诸多好处。女性文化地位提升对和谐社会的再造具有重大意义。     

在新农村建设中促进农村性别和谐与发展

新农村建设是推进农村性别和谐与发展的重要战略机遇期。构建社会主义新农村特别需要关注农村妇女发展问题。要把人的发展作为新农村建设的最终目标;要强化公共政策的调节和性别制度的创新;提升农村妇女群体的主体意识和发展能力;要发挥妇联组织引领妇女参与新农村建设的作用。     

我国民事诉讼审前程序的构建

民事诉讼程序的结构模式调整的是诉讼各阶段之间的关系,实行集中审理主义是我国民事诉讼程序演变的基本规律。民事诉讼审前程序的科学构建正是实行这种理念的制度设计的开始。构建我国民事诉讼审前程序应当把握几对关系。     

女性学学科方法论的本土化——美国学者对明末清初社会性别研究的启示

女性学学科的方法论应是符合中国文化语境的社会性别研究.美国学者借用阴阳理论,采用历史还原研究、社会性别关系研究、社会性别分层研究等研究范式研究明清之际的社会性别问题,可以为中国女性学学科方法论的本土化提供启示.     

我国纠纷处理的路径选择：从行政学的视角

和谐社会建设要求政府必须积极探索预防和解决社会矛盾的新途径。我们对社会纠纷处理的方式应不断从单纯的法律理想主义向现实主义转变，从程序主义向效率主义回归。行政解决社会纠纷，具有效率高、成本低、专业性强的特点和优势。必须根据我国实际情况，不断探索和完善行政调解制度、行政裁决制度等，努力构建一个有中国特色的解决社会纠纷的行政机制，这是新时期我们面临的一个重要任务。     

宗教抱负与两性平权——甘南夏河藏传佛教尼僧宗教抱负的人类学调查

随着女性信教人数的增长,女性与宗教的关系越来越受到学界及社会的重视。据对甘南夏河藏传佛教尼僧的调查,70%左右的尼僧是出于对宗教的热爱和追求,这与从前多数尼僧为了逃避现实和生活所迫而出家相比有了巨大的改变,这一变迁的背后是女性在宗教世界与男性平权诉求的一种反映,也是女性地位与藏族社会结构变迁的一种互动。随着社会的发展,基于理性选择而出家的女性在尼僧中所占的比例将会越来越大,而尼僧们的宗教抱负也会越来越高,宗教社会中的两性平权现状将会得到改善。     

统筹性别利益是科学发展观的题中之义

在科学发展观指导下,注意协调性别利益,将有利于促进公平竞争规则的进一步完善.在维护女性权利的同时,维护宪法和法律的正义性和权威性,可以使政府变得更负责任和更有效率,并使人的自由而全面发展的文化理念更加普及和深入人心.在全面建设小康社会的过程中,需要政府运用社会性别方法分析两性差异和利益需求,加强公共政策的性别针对性,提高政策执行的性别自觉,承担起维护妇女合法权益、促进性别平等的责任.     

The Effect of Negative Emotion on Licit and Illicit Drug Use Among High School Dropouts: An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory

General Strain Theory (GST) argues that drug use is one way adolescents mitigate negative emotions brought on by aversive environmental stimuli. To date, many of the empirical tests of the strain-drug use relationship have neglected to include measures of negative emotion, despite its prominence in GST's etiology of deviant behavior. The following study tests the mediating effects of despair on the strain-drug use relationship, evaluating the effects of parental reactions to leaving school on post-dropout drug use. The moderating effects of recency of dropout and gender of respondent are also considered. Results show that negative parental reactions to dropout affect drug use for females only, and that despair does not mediate this relationship. This type of negative affect has direct effects on drug use for both genders, rather than the indirect effects predicted by GST. These findings affirm prior research linking depressive negative affective states to drug use, but suggests that the relationship between strain and such emotional states is more complex than the theory suggests, particularly when the moderating effects of gender are considered.

“Gender is No Substitute for Sex”: A Comparative Human Rights Analysis of the Legal Regulation of Sexual Identity

U.K. regulation of sexual identity within a marriage context has traditionally been linked to biological sex. In response to the European Court of Human Rights decisions in Goodwin and I.,² and in order to address the question of whether a transsexual person can be treated as a “real” member of their adoptive sex, the U.K. has recently passed the Gender Recognition Act 2004. While the Act appears to signal a move away from biology and towards a conception of sexual identity based on gender rather than sex, questions of sexual identity remain rooted in medico-legal assessments of the individual transsexual body/mind. In contrast, because transsexual people in some parts of Canada have been able to marry in their post-operative sex since 1990, contemporary debates on the sexual identity of transsexual people in British Columbia and Ontario do not focus on the validity of marriage, and more frequently centre upon the provision of goods and services, in human rights contexts where sex is said to matter. Currently in Canada this is prompting questions of what it means to be a woman in society, how the law should interpret sex and gender, and how, if at all, the parameters of sexual identity should be established in law. This article seeks to compare recent U.K. legal conceptualisations of transsexuality with Canadian law in this area. As human rights discourse begins to grow in the U.K., the question remains as to whether or not gender will become an adequate substitute for sex.See Johnson “Gender is no substitute for Sex” Daily Telegraph, 24 February 2004. I am being disingenuous here as the author of the article is arguing that replacing the term sex with gender in relation to transsexuality is erroneous and an annoying Americanism, whereas I am arguing that neither term is adequate. Goodwin v. U.K. [2002] 35 E.H.R.R. 18; I. v.U.K. [2002] 2 F.L.R. 518.