Torn in translation: An ethnographic study of regulatory decision‐making in Turkey

There is much literature on the diffusion and translation of regulatory agencies from the perspective of formal political models. Ethnographic research of regulation process is, however, much less common. This is even more evident with regards to the study of regulatory agencies established outside the “West.” This article analyzes the translation process of the Turkish tobacco regulatory agency, which was established in 2002, under commitments made to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Based on an ethnographic analysis of two controversial cases, the study shows that tobacco regulation was being shaped and pursued in an environment of ambivalence and uncertainty. The study concludes that the decision‐making process of the agency is context‐specific and constructed within the perpetual struggles and interactions among the actors involved in this process.     

Regulatory mobilization and service delivery at the edge of the regulatory state

Where there is weak state capacity to carry out regulatory, redistributional, and developmental functions characterizing much of the developing world, the role of governance and service delivery is also performed by a myriad of private actors. Institutional reform in the utility sector in developing countries has often failed to distinguish between social and economic regulation. I show how private actors like NGOs and local community groups undertake what I term “regulatory mobilization” to influence the new rules of the service delivery game, as well as to deliver much‐needed basic services to urban poor communities. Based on extensive fieldwork carried out in the Philippines, this article reveals and explains the politics of the informal sector at the edge of the regulatory state. More than a decade since the privatization of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System in Metro Manila in 1997, water access for the urban poor remained limited as privatized water utilities faced difficulties in extending service provision. In the context of an unpredictable regulatory landscape and an oligarchic patrimonial state, unexpected collective action by organized urban poor communities and NGOs has taken place around water as a subsistence right. Combining hybrid mobilizations to obtain water as well as influencing the rules governing their provision, these forms of regulatory mobilization appear to be peripheral and episodic. However, depending on how local and sectoral politics are conflated, such regulatory mobilization may sometimes not only result in obtaining subsistence goods, but may also occasionally project countervailing power in the policy sector, and influence formal regulatory frameworks in surprising ways.     

论学术不端行为的法律规制

制度缺陷是学术不端行为出现的主要原因。近年来,学术不端行为频发,道德诚信约束的局限性尽显,法律法规应作为规制学术不端行为的主要手段。我国规制学术不端行为的相关立法存在着立法层级较低、相关规范存在冲突和立法空白、规定过于原则而缺乏可操作性等问题。应建立健全规制学术不端行为的法律体系,制定《科研诚信法》和相关法律法规,提高学术不端行为的违法成本,完善学术诚信相关法律法规的执行程序,保障我国科研事业健康发展。     

公共服务提供中的NGO及其与政府关系之研究

本文主要探讨的是在公共服务提供中的NGO及其定位与作用,以及在公共服务提供领域的NGO与政府间关系。关于NGO在公共服务提供中的定位主要表现为:参与公共服务的提供,提升政府的公信力;承担社会责任,提供就业机会;以及维护社会稳定:降低政府风险与责任等。在公共服务的提供中NGO与政府之关系主要表现为:合作与支持的关系;竞争与冲突的关系以及管理与监督的关系。此外本文也探讨了新时期—网络时代中国政府与NGO之关系表现为NGO利用网络问政和监督政府管理,参与和影响政府政策的制定,利用网络进行沟通与协作,以及对政府职能的有效补充和影响公众、网络舆情等。     

The Beecroft Report: Pandering to Popular Perceptions of Over‐regulation

The Coalition government made a commitment to review employment law to ensure flexibility for both parties and enhance business's competitiveness. This led the prime minister to ask venture capitalist Adrian Beecroft to undertake the task of identifying the areas of employment law that presented the greatest burden, and making recommendations for reform. The Beecroft report identifies 16 areas for reform, but the lack of evidence to support his conclusions severely undermines his case. The challenge of increasing employment in a stagnant economy is substantial, and Beecroft's recommendations, if implemented, are unlikely to make a difference. Businesses need to see increased demand and access to finance if they are to take on more workers, but government must also develop a long‐term vision of the UK labour market and address weaknesses that existed before the financial crisis.     

学术编辑工作动力及其强化

学术编辑工作需要维系的动力,其动力可区分为内在动力和外在动力,也可区分为物质动力和精神动力;从各种动力作用的效果看,都可归结为正动力和负动力。研究各种动力因素的产生、性质、地位及其相互联系,寻找各种动力的合成法则与分解规律,并不断深入认识和积极利用这些法则与规律,有利于在学术编辑工作过程中,趋利避害,扬长补短,对提高学术编辑工作的质量与效率,加速学术期刊向更高层次发展具有现实意义。     

致命的管制--产权交易市场的过去、现在与未来

产权交易和产权交易市场,为国有企业改革和国有经济结构性调整,提供了公平公正的"阳光交易"平台,是防止国有资产流失,实现国有资本在一般竞争性行业有序退出的必然选择.目前,强制进场交易制度的实行,使产权交易市场比较繁荣,但它仍然是一个被高度管制的市场.为了"统一、开放、竞争、有序"的规范的产权市场,监管部门应放松管制,给市场以充分信任.     

内幕交易法律监管的正当性分析

内幕交易行为对证券市场的影响为何 ,对于该行为是否应该实施监管 ,一直是一个争论不休的话题。论文从管制论、非管制论以及折衷论对内幕交易行为的不同观点比较分析入手 ,分析了内幕交易与法律正义公平价值之间的关系 ,进而对禁止内幕交易行为的法理基础进行了再思考 ,指出禁止内幕交易的法律必然性。     

反垄断诉讼的价值定位与制度建构

反垄断诉讼是反垄断法实施的重要机制之一,是反垄断法理论研究和司法实践中的重要问题。对此问题有两种研究思路：一是以个人权利为中心,将诉讼看作争议解决机制;二是以秩序建构为中心,将诉讼看作建构理想秩序的重要机制。反垄断法的产生、发展与有机社会的生成同步。垄断行为属于风险行为,其造成的损害具有不确定性、延伸性、难以恢复性,因而反垄断法属于现代社会规制法。与此相应,反垄断诉讼应是秩序建构诉讼,在价值上注重竞争秩序的建构,在功能上主张司法能动、积极回应社会在竞争上形成的价值共识,在构造上主张放宽原告条件,建立多元参与的诉讼机制。     

商事登记与市场准入关系的法经济学思辨

考量商事登记与市场准入的关系,可以借助法经济学识别商事准入效率与安全的均衡性。这需要首先区别一般准入与特殊准入、民商私法与经济法之间价值定位的差异,并具化商事登记一般准入机制设置的目的及其必要性、合理性。结合对传统政府规制理论的批驳,以及对现今我国工商登记管理体制中设置过高登记门槛的反思,商事登记的制度设计应在公益与私益客观辩证关系基础上,在宏观层面的保障私权以及在最低层级上维护公共利益,并由此凸显维护公私权益衡平的现代登记理念。