使用假币罪的实行行为方式解读

“使用伪造的货币”是我国现行刑法规定的使用假币罪的实行行为方式,学界对其基本含义存在“狭义说”与“广义说”之争,这种争议实质上是基于规范用语与普通用语的不同角度来理解“使用”概念而产生的。根据我国使用假币罪的立法变动情况和普通用语规范化的目的论解释方法,“使用伪造的货币”的基本含义应当解读为：以伪造的货币冒充真币,并以真币的通常用法加以利用的行为,但是应当排除私人储藏、出售伪造的货币以及银行工作人员以伪造的货币换取真币等三种情形。     

Institutional quality and economic growth: Evidence from South-Asian countries

The current study investigates the relationship between institutional quality and economic growth, focusing on South-Asian countries entailing Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, from 2002 to 2018. The data are analysed using the dynamic heterogeneous panel (panel autoregressive distributed lag [ARDL] model) approach, specifically the dynamic fixed effect (DFE), mean group (MG), and pooled mean group (PMG). Based on the findings, the three governance indicators, namely corruption control, accountability, and the rule of law, positively and significantly affect economic growth. All the nations have consistent long-run estimates but varied short-run estimates and adjustment speed for the long-term equilibrium. This is due to governance volatility that is evident in all the nations. This article offers both practical and theoretical contributions. This article contributes to the institutional quality and economic growth literature from a theoretical perspective from the South-Asian perspective. From a practical perspective, the study findings are significant for policymakers, particularly those from the countries that demonstrate major fiscal and external imbalance due to war and terrorism, low oil prices and weak trade. Hence, there is a pressing need to address economic growth issues instigated by the policymakers' negligence to ensure appropriate governance and macroeconomic management. Regulators can improve economic growth through national and regional image building by developing a stable economic and political landscape and maintaining macroeconomic stability by improving the institutional quality indicators. There is evidence that institutional quality improvement leads to better economic growth.     

桃红四物汤保护2型糖尿病模型大鼠血管损伤的实验研究

目的 观察桃红四物汤对2型糖尿病模型大鼠胸主动脉的保护作用,并探究其作用机制。方法 采用高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,桃红四物汤连续干预模型大鼠8周,观察模型大鼠胸主动脉的病理学变化,Western blot法检测胸主动脉核因子κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）蛋白表达,RT-qPCR技术检测单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,MCP-1）和血管细胞黏附分子-1（vascular cell adhesion molecule 1,VCAM-1）mRNA表达,ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和转化生长因子-β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）的含量。结果 桃红四物汤可显著改善模型大鼠胸主动脉损伤;显著抑制模型大鼠胸主动脉NF-κBp65蛋白和MCP-1、VCAM-1 mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,显著降低血清TNF-α、TGF-β1的含量（P<0.05）。结论 桃红四物汤可有效保护模型大鼠胸主动脉病理损伤,其作用机制与干预NF-κB信号通路,抑制MCP-1、VCAM-1、TNF-α和TGF-β1表达有关。     

平喘宁调节ERK信号通路干预哮喘气道重塑的机制

目的 通过观察平喘宁干预后哮喘模型大鼠ERK信号转导通路相关蛋白以及基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TIMP-1）的表达,探讨平喘宁调节寒性哮喘大鼠气道重塑的机制。方法 采用SPF级雄性SD大鼠复制寒性哮喘模型。将大鼠随机分成正常对照组,模型组,地塞米松组,桂龙咳喘宁组以及平喘宁高、中、低剂量组。连续给药4周后,光镜下观察肺组织病理形态学变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中TIMP-1、MMP-9表达水平;采用Western blot法检测大鼠肺组织血小板源性生长因子（platelet derived growth factor, PDGF）、细胞外信号调节激酶-1（extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,ERK1）、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶-1（phosphorylated ERK1, p-ERK1）的表达水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组有明显炎性细胞浸润、气管上皮脱落增多、气管平滑肌增厚等气道重塑现象;与模型组比较,各治疗组炎性细胞浸润减少,气管上皮脱落减少,平滑肌增厚情况改善,气道重塑均得到适当缓解。与正常对照组比较,模型组MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;而与模型组比较,平喘宁各剂量组MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,尤其是平喘宁高剂量组下降最为明显。与正常对照组比较,模型组PDGF以及ERK1、p-ERK1蛋白的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;而与模型组比较,药物治疗组PDGF以及ERK1、p-ERK1蛋白的表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 平喘宁可通过调节ERK信号通路减轻哮喘大鼠气道炎性反应,延缓气道重塑。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯诱导人肝癌细胞HCCLM6凋亡的研究

目的 观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)对人高转移肝癌细胞HCCLM6凋亡的作用及探讨其作用机制。方法 甲基噻唑基四唑染色法检测EGCG对人肝癌细胞HCCLM6细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和EGCG对HCCLM6细胞周期的影响,免疫荧光技术检测EGCG处理的HCCLM6细胞中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin, OPN)表达的变化。结果 EGCG可显著抑制肝癌细胞HCCLM6的增殖,且呈浓度依赖性;EGCG使细胞周期明显阻滞于G0/G1期;EGCG可明显导致HCCLM6细胞凋亡,使VEGF、OPN表达水平显著下降。结论 EGCG可以诱导肝癌HCCLM6细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与阻滞细胞周期和调控VEGF、OPN表达有关。     

补肾安胎冲剂对复发性流产患者血清血管内皮生长因子及其可溶性受体-1的影响

目的 探讨补肾安胎冲剂治疗复发性流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）的机制。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测30例RSA患者治疗前后及30例正常早孕妇女血清血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)及其受体——可溶性fms样酪氨酸激酶-1(soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1,sFlt-1)的水平。结果 治疗组妊娠成功率为80.0％;与对照组比较,治疗组治疗前血清VEGF显著降低（P<0.01）,sFlt-1显著增高（P<0.01）;治疗组治疗后与治疗前比较,VEGF显著升高(P<0.01),sFlt-1显著降低(P<0.01);保胎治疗无效者与保胎治疗成功者比较,血清VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.01）,血清sFlt-1水平显著增高（P<0.05）。结论 补肾安胎冲剂治疗RSA的机制可能与提高血清VEGF水平,降低血清sFlt-1水平,从而促进胎盘绒毛血管的形成有关。     

现代化进程中政府行为定位的三种模式

现代化中的政府行为问题应该说是一个老而常新的问题。在人类200多年的现代化进程中,内生型现代化国家的政府行为以"市场合理性"为基准,主要目标在于弥补市场失灵,已经实现现代化的外源型国家的政府行为以"计划合理性"为基准,主要目的是实现国家整体目标。正处于现代化进程中的外源型国家要以"有效性"为基准进行政府行为定位,目的是提高发展效益和缩短发展时间。     

Detection and Classification of Ignitable Liquid Residues Using a Fluorescence‐Based Vapor‐Sensitive Microsphere Array*

Abstract: This paper describes the application of microsphere vapor sensing arrays to the detection of ignitable liquid (IL) vapors as both pure vapors and as residues (ILRs) on simulated fire debris samples. The temporal fluorescence response profile of the microsphere array generated a reproducible pattern unique to each analyte that could be used to classify subsequent sensor responses. This system, together with a support vector machine pattern recognition algorithm, was used to address several different IL and ILR classification scenarios. High classification accuracy (98%) was maintained over more than 200 vapor responses and the array was able to identify ILs when presented to the pattern classification algorithm within a dataset containing 11 other volatile compounds. Both burned and unburned IL treated samples were classified correctly greater than 97% of the time. These results indicate that microsphere vapor sensing arrays may be useful for the rapid identification of ILs and ILRs.     

A Fatal Leopard Attack

Abstract: A rare case of a big cat fatal attack is presented. A male leopard that had escaped from its unlocked cage attacked a 26‐year‐old male zoo worker. The man sustained penetrating injuries to the neck with consequent external bleeding. The man died while being transported to the hospital as a result of the injuries sustained. The wounds discovered on the victim’s body corresponded with the known methods of leopard attacks and with findings on the carcasses of animals killed by leopards in the wild. The conclusion of the medicolegal investigation was that the underlying cause of death was a bite wound to the neck which lacerated the left internal jugular vein, the two main branches of the left external carotid artery, and the cervical spine. The cause of death was massive external bleeding. Special attention is paid to the general pattern of injuries sustained from big cat attacks.     

当代中国地方政府行为模式分析：政府偏好—政府过程—政府工具视角

政府偏好、政府过程、政府工具三个范畴共同构成的分析框架是研究当代中国地方政府行为模式的有效工具。从这个角度分析当代中国地方政府行为模式,其基本特征表现为：上级政府需求主导型政府偏好、精英政策模式为主轴的政府过程和强制性工具为主体的政府工具选择结构。