浅议公安院校的心理健康教育

通过对公安院校学生的心理健康状况的分析,可以看出公安院校学生的心理问题具有鲜明特点,这就要求公安院校应采取针对性的措施,实施有特色的心理健康教育,帮助学生提高心理健康水平,促进身心和谐发展,培养出合格的人民警察,将来才能承担起国家、社会、人民赋予的重任。     

民法视角下的不同性别选择阶段的法益分析

性别选择得以产生不是因为生物性别的先天差异,而是缘于社会制度对性别的不平等对待.人的性别专属于自然人,属身体权保护的客体.针对不同的性别选择阶段,分别从选择主体的资格认定、风险责任的承担,生育知情与性别知情的辨别及选择目的的规范等方面进行分析,法律应通过立法技术的完善和法律位阶的提高把对性别选择的立法宗旨限定在为人类疾病控制和生命健康的维护范围内,以实现人与自然、人类自然性别的和谐发展.     

Joining it up? Health and Wellbeing Boards in English Local Governance: Evidence from Clinical Commissioning Groups and Shadow Health and Wellbeing Boards

Statutory responsibility for health care and social care has long been separated between National Health Service (NHS) bodies and local government authorities. Repeated policy attempts to promote service integration through collaboration between such authorities have achieved little. The latest of such policy interventions are the Health and Wellbeing Boards (HWBs) established by the 2012 Health and Social Care Act (HSCA) alongside a range of other organisational innovations, including Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). These organisations await full legal and operational status but have begun to develop structures and processes. HWBs are intended to lead the integrated assessment of local needs to inform both NHS health and local authority social care commissioners. We undertook detailed qualitative case studies in eight CCGs during 2011–2012 and here report observational and interview data related to CCGs’ perspectives and observations of early HWB developments. We found that developing HWBs vary greatly in their structure and approach, but we also identified a number of significant issues that are familiar from earlier research into health and social care integration. These include heavy dependence on voluntary agreements to align the strategic plans of the many different new statutory bodies; a significant role for mundane organisational processes in determining the extent of effective co-operation; and problems arising from factors such as size and the arrangements of local boundaries.     

卫生法基本原则论要

作为特定领域法律部门的基本原则,一般应具备法律性、统率性、概括性、特殊性等属性,但在以往被称为卫生法基本原则的诸多概念中,只有"生命健康权保障原则"满足上述要求。同时,现代医药卫生科学技术的飞速发展产生了双刃剑效应,在促进生命健康权保障及其内涵持续更新的同时,亦经常冲撞和挑战伦理和法律底线,因此,有必要确立"科技促进与伦理约束原则",在依赖科技进步的同时,对相关科学技术的研发、运用加强伦理约束和法律规制,从而在科技创新与伦理约束两方面实现平衡。     

A systematic review of effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies for challenging behaviour in women in forensic mental health settings

Women in secure forensic mental health care require therapy and care that is responsive to their specific needs. Despite the policy recognition that women require a distinct service, evidence based practice is not available for this population. This review was undertaken in response to a clinical need within a medium secure unit in Glasgow that was experiencing high levels of challenging behaviour, in a female ward. The review aimed to identify effective strategies or interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in women in secure services and, therefore, improve practice and patient care. A synthesis of the findings from the 11 identified studies revealed variability in the approaches used to support women in forensic services, including: behavioural programmes; organisational change with a focus on staff training and support; medication; ECT and mechanical restraint. The challenging behaviours assessed included self-harm; physical and verbal aggression; suicide attempts and arson/fire setting. The majority of articles suggested some improvement in aspects of challenging behaviour, however this was limited by the lack of control groups and small sample sizes. Further investigation is required to find out whether interventions identified in this review can sustain a reduction in challenging behaviours in the long-term.     

Least restrictive practice: its role in patient independence and recovery

One of the five overarching principles of the Mental Health Act: Code of Practice is to provide patients with care and treatment which is least restrictive whilst encouraging recovery and promoting independence. However, there is limited research which explores the application of these principles within a medium secure unit. The aims of the research were to explore what are patient’s experiences of least restrictive practices and to what extent do they perceive that least restrictive practices maximise their independence and recovery. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 male inpatients within a medium secure unit. Five themes were evident: Positive Changes, Perceived Lack of Transparency, Social Isolation, Institutionalisation and Normality. It was found that patient’s perceived that there was lack of shared understanding between staff and patients of what is considered least restrictive. Patient recovery was promoted through positive risk-taking, the reduction in the use of seclusion and through the promotion of meaningful activities that resembled life in the community. Nevertheless, patients perceived that there was a lack of opportunities to socialise with patients from other wards. Due to the security level of the hospital patients perceived that independence was not achievable.     

Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism: Toward a health‐based model of desistance*

During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impact of incarceration on health, we emphasize the reverse: Health has important implications for reentry outcomes and reincarceration. Informed by multiple disciplines, we advance a health‐based model of desistance in which both mental and physical dimensions of health affect life chances in the employment and family realms and ultimately recidivism. Investigating this issue with longitudinal data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) and structural equation models, we find overall support for the health‐based model of desistance. Our results indicate several significant pathways through which both manifestations of health influence employment, family conflict, financial problems, and crime and reincarceration. The findings highlight the need for implementation of correctional and transitional policies to improve health among the incarcerated and avert health‐related reentry failures.     

Addressing the mental healthcare needs of foster children: perspectives of stakeholders from the child welfare system

A qualitative study was conducted to better understand the factors that contribute to psychotropic medication (PM) overuse among children in the child welfare system in Kentucky, including barriers to providing psychosocial interventions that potentially minimize the need for PM. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with personnel in the Department of Community-Based Services (DCBS). Participants identified important areas to target for system-wide quality improvement efforts, which included improved exchange of health information, training, and communications on the use of PM, and measures to improve access to non-pharmacological psychosocial interventions to address the mental healthcare needs of children in the child welfare system.     

贫困与留守儿童心理健康关系研究——以江西省修水县分析为例

贫困对儿童心理健康的影响研究尚存学术争议,学界对留守儿童群体的相关实证研究较为缺乏。文章基于社会因果论的理论分析框架,通过分析江西省修水县625名留守儿童的问卷调查数据,验证贫困对留守儿童心理健康的影响。结果表明：（1）留守儿童的贫困程度较高,多维剥夺现象严重;（2）贫困对留守儿童的消极心理健康和积极心理健康均有显著性影响,但影响程度有差异;（3）留守儿童的心理健康存在显著年级差异,高年级留守儿童的心理健康水平相对较差。文章的研究发现为提升贫困留守儿童心理健康水平提供了重要依据。     

Illicit Drug Delivery Via Administration of Human Blood

The physiological, psychological, and social consequences associated with illicit drug use are well documented. In addition to the effects directly related to the drug(s), the delivery mechanism can precipitate other serious health conditions. A case is reported where an individual stopped by law enforcement was discovered to be in possession of a vial containing a red‐colored fluid, which the person stated was blood and contained fentanyl. Analysis by headspace GC, ELISA, and LC‐TOF/MS screening in with mass spectral confirmation revealed the presence of several substances, including ethanol, methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, 6‐monoacetylmorphine, codeine, morphine, alprazolam, delta‐9 THC, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norpseudoephedrine; serology testing verified the fluid was consistent with human blood. Methamphetamine was present at a dosage form amount (11 mg). The purpose of this study was to detail the analytical findings, interpret their meaning, and discuss the public health concerns associated with the drug delivery by the administration of human blood.