Race-Based Judgments, Race-Neutral Justifications: Experimental Examination of Peremptory Use and the Batson Challenge Procedure

Practically speaking, the peremptory challenge remained an inviolate jury selection tool in the United States until the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky. 476 U.S. 79 (1986). Batson's prohibition against race-based peremptories was based on two assumptions: (1) a prospective juror's race can bias jury selection judgments; (2) requiring attorneys to justify suspicious peremptories enables judges to determine whether a challenge is, indeed, race-neutral. The present investigation examines these assumptions through an experimental design using three participant populations: college students, advanced law students, and practicing attorneys. Results demonstrate that race does influence peremptory use, but these judgments are typically justified in race-neutral terms that effectively mask the biasing effects of race. The psychological processes underlying these tendencies are discussed, as are practical implications for the legal system.     

可归责性与信赖合理性的比较权衡——弹性化机制的应用

遵从或否定权利表象规则的界限定位在可归责性与信赖合理性的比较权衡,其实是进行过失程度的比较,在真实权利人与第三人之间做出选择,其结论必然是弹性化处理,一方面体现在生活事实的法律判断本身具有适度的弹性,另一方面归责性与信赖合理性之间存在相互影响而需要通过一定的技术手段进行调和。     

道路交通事故责任认定可诉性之探讨

公安机关对道路交通事故责任认定是否具有可诉性,即是否属于人民法院行政诉讼的受案范围,一直以来存在较大争议。本文从行政法的基本理论、法律依据、司法判例方面,对道路交通事故责任认定的可诉性进行探讨。     

The Self-Relevant Implications of Distribution Rules: When Self-Esteem and Acceptance Are Influenced by Violations of the Equity Rule

Based on the assumption that distribution rules may have similarities to procedures, the present research examined the extent to which a violation of the equity rule can influence feelings of self-esteem and acceptance as a function of people's social value orientation (i.e., prosocial vs. proself orientation) and attributional explanation (internal vs. external). In a scenario study, participants imagined that they received a similar financial reward as their task partner, but this partner, however, put less effort into the task (i.e., violation of the equity rule). Results showed that this unfair outcome negatively influenced people's feelings of self-esteem and acceptance, but only among those with a proself orientation and when an internal explanation was given for differences in input.     

A Pragmatic Guide to Qualitative Historical Analysis in the Study of International Relations

Researchers using qualitative methods, including case studies and comparative case studies, are becoming more self–conscious in enhancing the rigor of their research designs so as to maximize their explanatory leverage with a small number of cases. One aspect of qualitative research that has not received as much attention is the use of primary and secondary source material as data or evidence. This essay explores the potential problems encountered by political scientists as they conduct archival research or rely on secondary source material produced by historians. The essay also suggests guidelines for researchers to minimize the main problems associated with qualitative historical research, namely, investigator bias and unwarranted selectivity in the use of historical source materials. These guidelines should enable advanced undergraduates and graduate students to enhance the quality of their historically minded political science scholarship.     

供述中嫌疑人自我服务偏见的诊断与引导

在新《刑事诉讼法》实施的新形势下,侦查审讯工作需要转变观念,将审讯模式转为对嫌疑人心理操控和强制为主的新模式。供述中嫌疑人自我服务偏见是嫌疑人在供述情境下必然产生的心理现象,对其进行正确的解读和引导是必要的。在社会心理学领域,关于自我服务偏见这一心理现象的研究发端早,形成的理论体系较为成熟完善。要研究供述中犯罪嫌疑人自我服务偏见的诊断与引导,需要先以社会心理学对自我服务偏见已有的研究为基础,将其纳入犯罪嫌疑人供述心理研究范围内,明确供述中犯罪嫌疑人自我服务偏见现象的特殊性及其作用形式,然后在具体审讯实例中对其进行准确诊断和正确引导,以达到顺利讯问,获得真实供述的目的。     

受刑人劳动成果归属问题研究

对受刑人的劳动成果权归属理论界一直存在着争论,目前有关受刑人劳动成果的归属的立法,在国外主要有两种立法模式,一种是以日本为代表的一元化的立法方式,即全部收归国有,另一种是意大利、美国等国家,采用多元化的立法方式,受刑人的劳动成果按照一定的比例,在与受刑人有利害关系的人之间进行分配。我国对受刑人劳动成果的态度,与日本的制度相类似。以著作权为例分析得出国家或者监狱管理部门不可能成为权利主体,说明受刑人的劳动成果权收归国有与法学理论相违背,实践中也不好操作。我们可以借鉴意大利的做法,即受刑人的劳动成果应当尽可能地清偿刑事被害人。采用受刑人劳动成果多元化的归属原则,按照一定的顺序处理受刑人的劳动成果。使受刑人劳动成果的归属更加合理化,以促进社会的和谐发展。     

The Reflexive Mediator

In this article, I describe a reflexive approach to mediation, which I see as a promising corrective to two positivist ideas in our field that are slow to fade: that we should be neutral as third parties and that parties should seek solutions based on objective truth. Grounded in a more constructionist approach using findings from qualitative social research and drawing analogies from those findings as they apply to mediation, a reflexive praxis accepts the reality that a third party cannot be neutral and that constructive outcomes to conflicts are rarely rooted just in “the facts.” Rather this view holds that an intersubjective rendering of reality in and out of the mediation room constitutes a large part of the collaborative effort of mediation.     

限定继承的悖理与我国《继承法》的修正

源于古罗马法的限定继承制度其实是受将遗产范围视为被继承人的财产权利义务、遗产归属于继承人所有等制度相互影响的结果。然而,近世大陆法系的不同国家或地区在规定限定继承制度的同时,又以遗产为基础构建了遗产管理制度。但就遗产管理人所履行的职责而言,遗产管理人不仅要清理被继承人的财产权利义务,而且也要将清偿被继承人债务后的剩余财产分配给继承人。如此,遗产范围对遗产管理人、继承人就有所不同,即遗产管理人所面对的遗产范围应为被继承人的财产权利义务,继承人所面对的遗产范围为被继承人的财产权利;同时,遗产并不归属继承人所有或者遗产管理人所有,清偿完遗产债务后的剩余遗产才由继承人取得所有权。进而,遗产管理制度所逻辑演绎的遗产范围和遗产归属已经与限定继承的形成基础相悖,立法再予以规定限定继承制度也就欠缺合理。     

刑法因果关系判断路径的选择简

刑法中的因果关系的理解与分析,应采取归因与归责的相分离模式,在归因阶段采取条件理论作为判断标准已达成共识,而在归责阶段则主要存在修正的条件理论、相当因果关系理论以及客观归责理论.本文认为在归因阶段应采取合法则的条件说,在归责阶段则通过对实行行为、违法性阻却事由等犯罪论理论的运用具体判断是否进行归责.同时认为,应在归因判断时强调事实存疑时有利于被告人的原则.