论有限责任公司的性质及立法趋向

有限责任公司是一种在经济与法律生活中均扮演重要角色的公司形态,但在我国有限责任公司的研究却未受到应有的重视。在修改有限公司法时,应把握历史与现状,正确理解有限责任公司的性质;凸显有限公司资合性本质,保护利害关系人合法权益,同时应关注其人合性色彩,尊重股东自由意志,以推动中小企业迅速发展。     

中小学教学内容的城市偏向分析——以语文教科书为例

中小学语文教学内容有一定程度的城市偏向,主要表现在一种城市生活的价值取向上,并可能培养农村孩子羡慕城市的情感;而农村家庭对孩子早期教育的不足和为孩子所输送的文化资本与学校教育的不连续性,又影响了他们通过学业成功进入城市的机会.可通过加强农村早期教育、成人教育、乡土教育、职业教育等方法以谋求现状的改变,但同时须注意现实问题的复杂性.     

对完善我国公司法若干问题的思考

文中就我国修订公司法时应当正确处理的三个关系、股东与公司的财产权性质、先公司合同的法律效力、“一人公司”的取舍、公司资本制度的抉择以及公司的治理结构等六方面问题作出了深刻的分析,结合公司法修订草案的有关规定进行了深入的点评,并提出了相应的立法建议     

The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This paper attempts to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of a sample of 972 listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China in 2003. Various theories, namely, the trade-off, pecking order and agency theories, are deployed to explain and predict the signs and significance of each factor identified by Ragan and Zingales (1995) and Booth et al. (2001). Furthermore, we include institutional shareholdings, including state agency shareholdings, state-owned shareholdings and privately owned shareholdings, as corporate governance variables to examine the effects of corporate structure on the debt financing behaviours. As well documented, we find that profitability is negatively related to capital structure at a highly significant level. The size and risk of the firms are positively related to the debt ratio – but only in term of market value measures of capital structure. The years of the companies being listed on stock markets are positively related to capital structure, indicating the access of the firms to debt finance is more easily judged by book value. Tax is not a factor in influencing debt ratio. Ownership structure has a negative effect on the capital structure. The firms with higher institutional shareholdings tend to avoid using debt financing, a behaviour that can be explained by entrenchment effects. A further classification of the institutional shareholders reveals that, among the three groups of institutional shareholding, the state institutions, including state agency and state-owned institutions, were more averse to debt financing, particularly for state-owned institutions. There is no strong evidence indicating debt-averse behaviour by domestic institutional shareholders.     

Predictions of Future Dangerousness in Capital Murder Trials: Is It Time to “Disinvent the Wheel?”

Although recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions regarding the death penalty (e.g., Atkins v. Virginia, 2002) have renewed interest in mental health issues, one topic that has not received much attention recently is the ongoing use of expert testimony to support claims that defendants represent a continuing threat to society. In this article, we (a) review prior research relevant to determining the accuracy of clinical predictions that capital defendants will commit future acts of criminal violence; (b) summarize new data from current and former death row inmates in Texas that bolster the claim that such predictions are gross overestimates of risk; and (c) review extant research addressing the potential utility of various risk assessment instruments that increasingly are being used to reinforce clinical predictions in capital trials. Despite significant recent advances in the field of risk assessment, clinical assertions that a defendant is likely to commit future violent acts appear to be highly inaccurate and ethically questionable at best. Moreover, available research offers little support for the claim that the accuracy of these predictions will be appreciably improved by relying on more structured risk assessment measures that have some demonstrated predictive validity in other contexts.Portions of this article were written while the first author was a member of the Department of Psychology at Sam Houston State University. The prison inmate data reported in this study also are described in a report by the Texas Defender Service, available at:     

经济全球化与西部地区的资本形成

资本是西部经济增长的重要基础和重大约束。经济全球化所内涵着的资本国际化,为西部地区利用外部资本提供了难得的机遇。中国的入世和西部大开发战略的实施,使西部地区比以往任何时候都更有能力把握好这一机遇,并承接由此产生的区域梯度推进势能,加速自身的资本形成。但在全球日趋激烈的引资竞争中,以经济弱区域身份参与其中的西部地区必然要面临更严峻的挑战。西部地区必须采取有效措施,应对这些挑战,否则极有可能在经济的全球互动中跌入更加落后的陷阱。     

长春市汽车工业资本运作的思考

中国成为WTO的成员,使长春市的汽车工业发展进入历史性转折的关键时期。因此,各级政府应在WTO规则下,对汽车工业给予全面支持,尤其要为汽车工业的资本运作创造宽松的金融环境,努力为长春市汽车工业的发展提供充足的资金保障。     

长春市上市公司在地方经济发展中的地位与作用

上市公司的发展和壮大为长春市地方经济的发展提供了有效的资本支持,加快了长春市经济结构的合理调整和优化组合,对长春市经济持续,快速和健康发展起到了重大作用。具体表现在：上市公司进入证券市场,拓宽了融资渠道,以上市公司为龙头,带动相关行业的腾飞。通过资本流动,加快了经济结构的调整,通过产权交易,转换了经营机制,提高了管理水平等。     

我国国有资本收益若干法律问题研究

我国于1994年开始进行国有资本收益制度改革并取得了一些成效,但从实践来看,仍然存在收益分配范围过窄、收缴主体不明、比例过低等诸多问题,亟需进行相应的修改完善,使国有资本收益制度在保障国家作为国有资本投资者应当享有的权益、实现国民收入公平分配方面的作用真正得到发挥。     

关于我国引进外资质量问题的思考

引进外资的实质,就是让出国内部分市场、资源去换取国际资本的一部分资金和技术。我国在引进外资时一定要注意其负面效应。本借鉴发展中国家和发达国家引进外国资本的经验、教训,结合我国的实际,提出了我国今后利用外资的若干对策建议。