Does intellectual property lead to economic growth? Insights from a novel IP dataset

While policymakers often make bold claims as to the positive impact of intellectual property (IP) rights on both developed and developing country economies, the empirical literature is more ambiguous. IP rights have both incentive and inhibitory effects that are difficult to isolate in the abstract and are dependent on economic context. To unravel these contradictory effects, this article introduces an index that evaluates the strength of IP protection in 124 developing countries for the years 1995 to 2011. We illustrate the value of this index to economics study and show evidence that is consistent with IP leading to increased growth. Our results are further consistent with two causal pathways highlighted in the literature: that IP leads to greater levels of technology transfer and increased domestic inventive activity. Yet other aspects of our study fit uneasily with this simple story. For example, we find evidence suggesting that increased levels of growth lead to greater levels of IP protection, contradictory evidence in the literature linking IP with growth, a lack of evidence that increased levels of IP protection lead to actual use of the IP system, and problems with what IP indexes measure. Because of this, we suggest another – and so far undertheorized – explanation of the links between IP and growth: that IP may have few direct effects on growth and that any causality is a result of belief rather than actual deployment of IP.     

论用益物权的法律属性

用益物权是物权法中十分重要的制度 ,与担保物权共同构成了他物权体系。用益物权作为他物权 ,具有与担保物权不同的法律属性 ,这主要体现在 :用益物权是直接支配他人之物的物权、用益物权的内容是利用物的使用价值、用益物权的客体以不动产为限、用益物权是独立性的物权、用益物权的实现通常以占有标的物为前提等     

违法所得问题研究

违法所得是指违法所得的一切财物的简称,在诉讼活动中占有重要地位。但是由于立法和理论研究的不足,导致司法实践中违法所得的概念不清、主体不明、数额计算不统一以及程序设计不完善等。因此,有必要对违法所得问题展开实体与程序全方位的研究,完善违法所得的处理机制。     

关于物业管理立法若干问题的思考

物业管理立法中目前有几个热点问题,一是物业管理立法原则,认为循序渐进是中央或地方分散立法均应遵守的基本准则;二是业主委员会的法律地位问题,认为小区业主委员会作为小区业主自治组织,属于限制能力的民事责任主体;三是小区物业管理公司的法律责任问题,认为对物业管理公司责任的立法应主要适用过错责任原则,在特殊情况下可以适用严格责任,业主大会或业主委员会与物业管理公司的合同是责任认定的基础。     

我国夫妻财产制立法若干问题探讨

新近征求全民意见的婚姻法司法解释(三)草案凸现我国夫妻财产制立法存在诸多问题。我国现行法定夫妻财产制是婚后所得共同制。对法定夫妻共同财产范围的界定应遵循婚后所得推定共有的准则,其法理依据是夫妻之间存在的协力关系。夫妻财产制契约是夫妻之间就采用何种类型的夫妻财产制所订立的协议。夫妻财产制契约与一般财产契约不同,其直接产生夫妻财产法上的效力,即以双方当事人选定的财产制度替代法定财产制的适用。无论法定共同财产制还是约定共同财产制都存有一定缺陷。在我国夫妻财产制结构中增设非常财产制可以弥补共同财产制之不足。     

论盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产行为定性的法律根据

我国司法实务对盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产的行为存在较大的分歧。其中的盗窃罪定性较为切合实际,但说理并不充分。网络游戏虚拟财产在本质上是一种债权凭证．我国法律将作为债权凭证的纸币拟制为物的先例说明完全可以将虚拟财产归入《民法通则》、《刑法》、《继承法》所规定的“其他财产”以及《物权法》所规定的“其他动产”之列。据此,盗窃网络游戏虚拟财产构成犯罪的,同时触犯盗窃罪与非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪两个罪名。属于想象竟舍,可择一重罪处断。     

知识产权法哲学理论反思——以重构知识产权制度为视角

知识产权制度历经 5 0 0多年的发展 ,现已得到世界上绝大多数国家的认可 ,尤其是WTO框架下的《知识产权协定》诞生后 ,其地位日益凸显。但是 ,过分强劲的知识产权保护 ,使其遭遇了“知识产权怀疑论”、“反知识产权论”和“知识产权僵化论”三股新思潮的冲击。此三股思潮中任何一股的成立 ,都将从根本上动摇知识产权制度的理论基础 ,严重地甚至可能导致知识产权制度土崩瓦解。因此 ,有必要对知识产权法哲学理论进行反思 ,对此三股思潮进行阐释 ,以重新建构符合时代精神的知识产权制度。     

Psychopathy and Female Gender: Phenotypic Expression and Comorbidity; A Study Comparing a Sample of Women Hospitalized in Italy's Maximum Security Facility with Women Who were Criminally Sentenced and Imprisoned,

Various studies have shown that women with psychopathy tend to commit crimes that are less violent than those of psychopathic men. The present study was designed to address the influence of psychopathy on the crimes committed by female offenders. A national sample of female offenders found NGRI or of diminished responsibility and at risk for criminal recidivism (OPG patients) was compared with a sample of female offenders who were convicted and imprisoned. Results of this comparison between the two groups of female offenders indicate that psychopathy is a transversal psychopathological dimension which may or may not be associated with other mental disorders. In both samples, the most commonly reported offenses among women with high PCL‐R scores were minor offenses, not particularly violent, but they appear to be related to typical psychopathic features such as superficial charm, pathological lying, and manipulation.     

论转型期腐败问题

腐败问题是世界性问题 ,任何阶级社会内部都不同程度地存在腐败现象。当前我国处在社会转型期 ,腐败现象具有高发性和多发性特点 ,必须认真研究。本文论述了腐败产生的社会原因 ,提出了治理和减少腐败的各种法律、制度措施。     

知识产权刑事司法鉴定若干问题研究

知识产权刑事案件中,司法鉴定尚存在很多亟待解决的问题,这些问题不仅阻碍了诉讼活动的顺利进行,有的也违背了司法鉴定的基本规律。从长远的角度来看,知识产权刑事诉讼,很多司法鉴定问题更宜转化为专家证人的形式加以解决。