正交试验优选复方青风藤巴布剂的提取工艺

目的 优选复方青风藤巴布剂的最佳提取工艺。方法 以青藤碱、桂皮醛的含量和干膏得率为评价指标,采用正交设计法考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间和提取次数对提取结果的影响,确定最佳提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为加6倍量的90%乙醇,提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论 优选的提取工艺稳定、可行。     

尊重个人利益是衡量制度设计是否科学的关键

曼德维尔在<蜜蜂的寓言>中提出了"私人恶德即公共利益"的思想,他通过寓言得出结论:国家的繁荣和人民的普遍幸福,只有顺应人的利己本性才能得到实现.因此,在进行制度设计时必须充分认识和评价个人利益的积极作用.就公私两种行为而言,制度是针对人的利己主义行为的,尊重个人利益是衡量制度设计是否科学的关键.制度的主要功能是调动人的积极性,而要做到这些就必须解决"个人利益"与"公共利益"之间的关系,即如何能够使人人像关心个人利益一样关心公共利益,这就是私利公益问题.制度设计的目标是实现私利公益,而只有建立在尊重个人利益基础上的制度设计才能实现社会公益的目标.     

正交试验法优选复方白芍颗粒提取工艺

目的 优选复方白芍颗粒的最佳提取工艺。方法 以干膏得率和白芍活性成分芍药苷的提取率为评价指标，采用正交设计法考察溶剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对提取结果的影响，确定最佳提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为：加10倍量水，提取2次，每次提取1 h。结论 优选的提取工艺切实可行，为复方白芍颗粒制剂的研究奠定基础。     

全人类共同价值国际传播：意义阐释、困境透视与优化路径

全人类共同价值站在世界发展与人类进步的道义制高点上，旨在打破不同国家和地域间的文化隔阂，赋能世界人民的美好生活追求，体现了新时代中国共产党人的全球视野和大国担当。全人类共同价值的国际传播对解构西方的“普世价值”话语霸权、夯实人类命运共同体构建的价值根基、提升中国的对外话语权和软实力等方面具有深层价值意蕴。当下全人类共同价值的国际传播仍面临传播环境阻滞、传播主体协同性不够、传播受众针对性不足、传播媒介影响力不强等多元困境。为此，应通过优化国际传播环境、整合国际传播主体、对国际传播受众进行细分和策略选择、打造国际传播媒介矩阵等多维路径协同推进，全面提升全人类共同价值国际传播效能。     

A second chance elsewhere. Estimating the effect of winning (vs. being the runner-up) on future electoral prospects

The effect of being the winner (vs. being the runner-up) on winning subsequent elections has been estimated across a series of countries using regression discontinuity design. We contribute to this literature by incorporating politicians who move across constituencies. The US and the UK are our case studies. UK–US differences are not apparent when comparing estimates of the individual incumbency advantage, i.e., winning the same office in the same constituency. UK–US differences in the career advantage of winning office are almost entirely driven by the ability of the UK’s close-race runners-up to win elsewhere subsequently. Runners-up are more likely to move to safer seats. Marginal winners become locked-in to their seat. In the US, we observe negligible movement across constituencies.     

关于劳动人性化的哲学思考

人性是人的自然的、近似的需要.劳动人性化就是指劳动的动因、过程和结果都应该符合人性、顺应人性,而不能违反人性.顺应人性,就是满足劳动者自然的、近似的需要,而不是过分的需要.与人性观念相联系的还有人权、自由、平等、仁爱和公道等观念.     

Changes in the Rules of the Lawmaking Process and the Success of Presidential Bills: Chile, 1990–2018

This article assesses the effect of changes in the lawmaking process on the success of the president’s legislative agenda, distinguishing between within-term success (bills that passed during the term) and overall success (including bills that passed after the president left office). With the 2064 presidential bills introduced in seven terms (1990–2018) in Chile’s presidential system, we assess the impact of changes in lawmaking rules on within-term (59.9%) and overall success (70.6%). Changes that decrease attributions of the president and create more opportunities for executive-legislative bargaining—including concurrent elections—increase the chances of success of presidential bills. The use of presidential urgency motions, an agenda-setting tool, makes bills more likely to pass, but the issuance of many urgency motions undermines the bill’s chances to succeed. Presidential bills introduced early in the term and those on issues where there is more policy convergence are more likely to pass.     

小儿智力咀嚼片提取工艺研究

目的优选小儿智力咀嚼片的最佳提取工艺。方法以远志酸的含量为指标,利用正交设计法考察溶剂种类、溶剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对实验的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数。结果最佳提取工艺参数为:以60%乙醇为溶剂,加10倍量,提取0.5 h,提取2次。结论该工艺可用于小儿智力咀嚼片的提取。     

正交试验法优选桔梗非药用部位多糖的提取工艺

目的 优选桔梗非药用部位多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法 以桔梗多糖得率为指标，采用正交设计法考察料液比、浸提次数、浸提时间对提取工艺的影响，以确定最佳提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为：加25倍量水，提取3次，每次1 h。 结论 优选的提取工艺稳定、可行。