Identity construction of suspects in telecom and internet fraud discourse: from a sociosemiotic perspective

ABSTRACT

As a new kind of contactless crime, the telecom and internet fraud has become a public hazard, with criminals targeting massive numbers of innocent victims. It is a prominent criminal problem that currently affects social stability and the sense of security of the public. Since the six Ministries and Commissions jointly cracked down the crime in 2016, the number of cases and the number of people deceived have decreased, but the occurrence and frequency has still been at a high rate, and the situation is deteriorating. Regardless of the scientific and technological means used by fraudsters, the main medium is language. From a sociosemiotic perspective, this study identifies that the criminal suspects use the discourse resources to fabricate false information and construct false identities through discursive practice, with the aim of achieving the communicative purpose of obtaining victims’ trust, tricking, deceiving and manipulating their victims into giving out confidential information and funds. This study, taking telecom fraud discourse as one type of genre, examines the dynamic process of selecting and constructing identities by manipulating related discourse resources and strategies in the social-cultural context. This study further provides a sociosemiotic solution to telecom fraud prevention.     

汉语热词的集体记忆与社会认同——“给力”等词流行的社会学解读

2010年最流行的汉语热词是我们认识社会的一个侧面,它们反映了社会、媒介和民众的变化。汉语热词通过文化符号、历史延续和社会责任,来产生集体记忆,再通过制造共识和话语扩张来达到社会认同。不过,同时要注意汉语热词的现实性和示范性的特点,对其在社会中产生的作用进行辩证分析。     

受教育作为宪法中公民基本义务的理论探讨

在现代社会，受教育已经作为公民的基本权利和义务在宪法中进行了规定，公民教育内含的意识形态选择和国家认同在公民个体来看并不是实现公民个体自由发展的最好方式，因而宪法规定的受教育只能是最低限度的教育，在内容选择上意识形态控制的色彩不能太过浓厚，在保持最低限度的国家认同感时，将公民个体与国家作为彼此相关的共同体看待，公民应当保持自身的部分独立性，国家应尊重公民的自主精神。     

全球化、身份政治与法律

美国弗吉尼亚理工大学校园枪击案引发了身份对当代人和当代社会深刻影响实施的思考。身份的连带责任效应表明,拥有某种身份的人所实施的违反道德或法律的行为必然会连累到其他拥有相同身份的人。身份的搭便车效应表明,拥有某种身份的人所做出的高尚或伟大的行为可能会惠及到其他拥有相同身份的人。身份的刻板印象效应表明,社会上形成的对某一身份的刻板印象会影响拥有该身份的个人的命运和社会地位。法律上的很多制度,包括连带责任制度、结社自由制度、反歧视制度等,与身份的这些效应和影响之间存在着密切的关系。     

中国现代知识分子政治认同问题探析

政治认同是一种政治制度得以维系的重要粘合力,也是执政党进行政治统治的核心要求。中国现代知识分子在中国历史舞台上扮演着重要的角色。由于受历史条件、社会背景以及群体特殊性的影响,导致了中国现代知识分子的政治认同历程极其复杂曲折,主要经历了三种不同的认同道路：一种是接受无产阶级的领导,走与工农群众相结合的革命道路;一种是依附于反动势力,走上违背历史发展规律的不归之路;还有种就是自成一派,积极探寻解决中国问题的第三条道路。随着中国革命的胜利,中国现代知识分子的认同与选择逐渐明朗,大部分接受和认同了无产阶级政权,置身共产主义事业。这样的选择,与其说是知识分子的,不如说是历史的。     

优势证据在行政诉讼中的构成及适用——以廖宗荣案为分析对象

《最高人民法院公报》2007年第1期刊载的“廖宗荣诉重庆市公安局交通管理局第二支队道路交通管理行政处罚决定案”运用的“优势证据”标准引起了学界的广泛关注。本文尝试以这一案例为分析样本，通过对判决主文的剖析，希冀从中提炼出“优势证据”的若干构成要件；并通过对相关案例的对比，以期发现优势证据在行政诉讼语境中的适用前提。分析显示，公报案例中的“优势证据”暗含了三个构成要件，分别为身份要件、真实要件、关系要件；而数个案例的对比分析揭示，公报案例中的“优势证据”只适用于一对一证据的情境。     

试论贞操权

贞操权为区别于身份权性质的配偶权,是男女均享有的以性行为为特定内容的一项独立的人格权。其侵权为一般侵权行为,其损害赔偿仅限于精神上的损害赔偿。     

论经济犯罪在逃嫌疑人的缉捕

在经济犯罪中,犯罪嫌疑人的潜逃具有与传统刑事犯罪嫌疑人潜逃不同的一些特点,缉捕中应当针对经济犯罪嫌疑人及其身份都确定、犯罪嫌疑人及其身份都不确定两种情形,有针对地开展侦查缉捕工作。     

不同手机及不同通信网络通话录音质量评析

目的为送检手机通话录音质量的审查提供理论依据。方法提出一种定量化的语音检材质量评价标准,并对不同手机及不同通信网络下的录音进行质量评价。该标准基于主流鉴定设备,涵盖了声学语谱图共振峰个数及数值、基频参数、区域平均频谱等分析方法以及声纹比对测试。结果实验结果显示,不同条件下得到的通话录音质量存在一定的差异性,会对声纹图谱鉴定产生一定影响,但并不会造成本质性差异。结论语音同一认定中,对基于移动通信网络获取的检材录音应考虑到通话语音质量的差异性对检验的影响,并在鉴定分析中加以评估和克服。     

Japan and identity change: why it matters in International Relations

Abstract

Two approaches to identity have been employed to explore issues in Japan's international relations. One views identity as constituted by domestic norms and culture, and as constitutive of interests, which in turn cause behaviour. Proponents view Japan's ‘pacifist’ and ‘antimilitarist’ identity as inherently stable and likely to change only as a result of material factors. In the other approach, ‘Japan’ emerges and changes through processes of differentiation vis-à-vis ‘Others’. Neither ‘domestic’ nor ‘material’ factors can exist outside of such identity constructions. We argue that the second, relational, approach is more theoretically sound, but begs three questions. First, how can different identity constructions in relation to numerous Others be synthesised and understood comprehensively? Second, how can continuity and change be handled in the same relational framework? Third, what is the point of analysing identity in relational terms? This article addresses the first two questions by introducing an analytical framework consisting of three mutually interacting layers of identity construction. Based on the articles in this special issue, we argue that identity entrepreneurs and emotions are particularly likely to contribute to change within this model. We address the third question by stressing common ground with the first approach: identity enables and constrains behaviour. In the case of Japan, changes in identity construction highlighted by the articles in this special issue forebode a political agenda centred on strengthening Japan militarily.