Enhancing the quality of aged latent fingerprints developed by superglue fuming: loss and replenishment of initiator

The recovery and identification of latent fingerprints from a crime scene are crucial to many investigations. The cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming method (CFM), which develops fingerprints by growing a polymer coating over the print residue, is a powerful method but encounters severe limitations when prints are aged or exposed to harsh environmental conditions. We examine the aging process and how the changes that occur to a fingerprint residue over time influence the growth of polymer during development. We identify loss of initiator by erosion and degradation that, when coupled with a loss of water from the print residue, result in a decreased ability to polymerize ethylcyanoacrylate. Then, we present a methodology by which the ability of aged latent fingerprints to polymerize ethylcyanoacrylate is recovered. Two print enhancement agents, acetic acid and ammonia, are demonstrated to improve the growth of polymer from the print ridges by over an order of magnitude, while retaining the integrity of the print structure. Comparison between the two enhancement agents indicate that the enhancement occurs due to ridge coating by the ammonia or acetic acid and pH control of the latent print.     

试论旅游资源羡余现象

羡余现象是2004年金颖若从信息科学引入到旅游研究中的。在此之前和之后都有学者对处于劣势地位的旅游资源进行过理论探讨及实证研究,某些理论观点同对旅游资源羡余的认识有殊途同归的效果。文章结合目前相关研究进展,对旅游资源羡余概念的界定、特性、类型及转变为非羡余旅游资源的途径做了进一步分析,以便更深入的阐释羡余现象,并以期指导地区羡余旅游资源的蜕变。     

"片云头上黑,应是雨催诗"——论自然气象兴感与诗歌审美意境营造

包括风、雨、霜、雪等在内的自然气象是中国古代诗歌中的常见题材,在长期的创作实践中,自然气象与诗人之间建立起了一种较稳固的互动关系。一方面自然气象在审美愉悦、社会心理等方面对诗人的创作动机产生着直接的激励作用,这种作用是随着人们对自然气象审美功能的认识和诗歌创作的不断发展而显现的,从魏晋南北朝时期物感说中的混沌一体,到唐宋时期兴感说中的条分缕析,可洞悉这种作用的历史发展轨迹;另一方面,诗人在诗歌创作中,主动运用自然气象的意境营造功能,形成了不少凝结历史传统和民族心理的审美意境,如对床夜雨、寒夜听雨等。     

从精神寻父到文化杀夫——论张洁文本中男性形象的互文性

“互文性”理论认为，任何审美物象承载的审美意蕴都能跨越单一文本的界限，在其前其后的文本中找到投射的影子，并借助其他文本获得意义增殖。也就是说，一切艺术形象都具有承前启后、前后对接和相互渗透的功能。张洁文本中的男性形象，共同铸成了一个异形同构、相互指涉的人物艺术画廊。这多个人物之间存有一种内在的互文互证性，从某个侧面折射出新时期以来中国女性文学从精神寻父到文化杀夫的嬗变轨迹。     

ISIS-chan – the meanings of the Manga girl in image warfare against the Islamic State

This article explores gendered meanings of ISIS-chan, an Internet meme in the form of a manga girl, produced and used to disrupt the messages from the Islamic State. Moreover, it investigates the performative power of ISIS-chan, and how it is used/interpreted as it circulates on the Internet. The ISIS-chan campaign is seen as an example of how the girl figure is mobilised in the political context of the War on Terror. Characterised by girlish playfulness, humour and creativity, I suggest that ISIS-chan challenges the stereotypical representations of femininity in the War on Terror, and may be perceived as a trickster.     

Recovery of Spray Paint Traces from Clothing by Beating

Manual recovery of spray paints from textiles using a microscope, the routine method in many laboratories, is often laborious. Beating the clothing with a plastic rod, the routine method used for recovery of glass traces within the authors’ laboratory, is proposed as an alternative. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by spray tests with fluorescent paint. In these tests, paint particles in the acquired debris samples, as well as those remaining on the textiles, were investigated. The results show that beating is an efficient way to recover and concentrate paint particles. A good efficiency for jeans fabric and rough knitwear is reported. The results appeared to be less satisfactory for smooth woven fabric. Application of the method in casework was effective for graffiti paints as well as for flaked car paint.     

Accuracy of 3D Scanners in Tooth Mark Analysis

The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of contact and laser 3D scanners in tooth mark analysis. Ten dental casts were scanned with both 3D scanners. Seven linear measurements were made from the 3D images of dental casts and biting edges generated with DentalPrint© software (University of Granada, Granada, Spain). The uncertainty value for contact 3D scanning was 0.833 for the upper dental cast and 0.660 mm for the lower cast; similar uncertainty values were found for 3D-laser scanning. Slightly higher uncertainty values were obtained for the 3D biting edges generated. The uncertainty values for single measurements ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mm with the exception of the intercanine distance, in which higher values were obtained. Knowledge of the error rate in the 3D scanning of dental casts and biting edges is especially relevant to be applied in practical forensic cases.     

亮绿SF溶液增强红色光滑客体表面潜血手印技术研究

目的探索一种实验室和犯罪现场上均可使用的红色光滑表面上血潜手印新型显现技术。方法把0.2g亮绿SF溶解到容积为200m L盛有5m L蒸馏水的烧杯中,然后加入0.2g正四丁基碘化铵、93m L无水乙醇,使用玻璃棒搅拌,充分溶解后,最后加入盐酸2m L形成绿色透明溶液作为显现液,采用精细喷雾器喷涂客体增强红色光滑面潜血手印,潜血手印增强后,照相提取后并对局部放大观察效果,研究其对红色光滑表面潜血手印的增强效果。结果对遗留手印进行了批量显现与统计分析,0.2%的亮绿SF酒精显现液对红色客体表面潜血手印的反应极其敏感,实验室条件下潜血手印样本显现率可达100%,显出的手印纹线清晰连贯,反差明显,无颜色背景,且局部放大能够有效显示出纹线的细节特征。结论 0.2%的亮绿SF显现液能有效增强红色光滑客体表面潜血手印,反差极其明显,可以作为红色光滑客体表面潜血手印增强试剂。