A Preliminary Study of the Reliability of Anatomical Facial Landmarks Used in Facial Comparison

Anatomical landmarks are considered the most objective indicators for use in forensic facial comparisons. Therefore, accurately identifying and locating these landmarks is the beginning of reliable facial comparison. This study evaluated the accuracy with which facial landmarks are located and examined their reliability according to type of landmark, head posture, and image quality. Nine operators located a series of landmarks on prepared facial images used to produce comparison images. Then, the average distances between the reciprocal landmarks (ADRL) on the reference and the comparison images were measured as indicators of landmark reliability. We found that a set of landmarks had higher or lower reliability as a function of the head angle and image quality. More reliable landmarks were associated with certain head postures and degrees of image quality. These should be used for facial comparison analysis depending on various head and image conditions.     

Photoluminescence of blood by acidic hydrogen peroxide—A preliminary test

In this study, the authors found that treating blood with 1 M HCl and 2% (w/v) 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) in 1% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide mixture can produce photoluminescence of blood. SSA was added as a blood fixer. The photoluminescence was induced by irradiation of a forensic light source at 505 nm, which was detected using a 550 nm barrier filter. In this experiment, various level of acid and hydrogen peroxide were tested to find the optimal formulation of reagents, spot tests were conducted with diluted blood to test the sensitivity of this reagent, and impressions in blood left on porous/nonporous surfaces were enhanced. The sensitivity of this solution was slightly lower than Bluestar and was similar to leucocrystal violet or leucomalachite green on both porous/non-porous surfaces. The photoluminescence of blood treated with this reagent has been observed over 2 months. Using this reagent, it was possible to observe fingermarks or footwear impressions in blood on a black porous/non-porous surface. Through this, it was found that using this reagent could enhance bloodstains regardless of the porosity or color of the surface.     

Heat and let dye: Part II – Rapid heat-fixing of blood traces

Blood-contaminated shoeprints and footmarks contain valuable operational information as they may bind an individual who stepped in the crime scene with the incident and not merely with the location. As determining the age of a bloodstain remains a challenge, while processing the scene, it is difficult to determine whether the blood is completely, or partially, dry. Thus, executing a dye staining protocol may wash these marks away as they might still be soluble. However, to meet this challenge, it is possible to fix blood marks using heat. This study aims to find a solution for floor surfaces covered by heavier blood traces (shoeprints and footmarks). For this purpose, a new pseudo-operating device was constructed for examining the blood-fixing process of both mentioned trace types. Two trials were performed with depletion marks. The results revealed that fully developed fresh and heavily blood deposits were obtained by heating to 200°C for 7.5 min using the fixing device, followed by a staining protocol using amido black solution. The achieved sharp resolution of the examined bloody prints demonstrates that in certain cases the dehydration mechanism of heating is preferred over precipitating the proteins attributed to 5-sulfosalycilic acid; thus, reducing the risk of washing blood evidence while processing the crime scene.     

多源图像融合技术及其在公安刑事摄影工作中的应用

近年来,多源图像融合技术的应用越来越多,它可以将同一场景以不同成像方式或者不同成像时间获得的不同图像融合为一幅图像。这种技术可以综合多张照片的信息量,提高视觉感知,便于进行计算机的处理,因此,可在公安刑事摄影工作中用于对疑难指纹、立体痕迹、强反光客体痕迹、高逆光现场照片等的拍摄和处理,从而最大程度的准确反映被摄景物的实际情况。     

谈公安院校刑事图像学的教学改革

刑事图像技术是公安机关刑侦人员应该掌握的一项重要警务技能。文章针对公安院校招录培养体制改革后刑事图像学的教学,从教学内容、教学方法、考核手段和教育模式等方面提出了改革教学的方法,以期适应招录培养体制改革的需要,有利于培养高素质应用型公安人才。     

民生与民声:关系及意义

民生作为人民群众最基本的物质和精神权益之体现,是社会发展的根本.民声是民生的反映,是民意对民生的表达和期盼.民生和民声,互相联系、相互作用,在国家社会发展中意义重大,关系到国家和社会的稳定和发展,关系到我国的国际形象和地位,关系到我国社会主义和谐社会的实现     

模糊图像的最大熵恢复

首先介绍了由Hollis等人提出的最大熵图像恢复算法,该方法经过DavidS．C．Biggs等提出的方法加速后可以大大缩短处理时间。列举运用该加速算法恢复一些实际模糊图像的例子,其中包括运动模糊图像和离焦模糊图像,这些类型的模糊图像都是司法实践中常见的。良好的恢复结果证明了这一方法的有效性及其在司法领域中应用的可行性。     

香港媒体中的天津形象及对内地城市形象跨地区传播的启示

城市形象的跨地区传播,对城市发展具有重要作用。天津作为＂新领军城市＂,在香港媒体中的城市形象具有典型性。对2009年7月至2010年10月间《文汇报》涉津报道的统计分析表明,天津城市形象的跨地区传播是非常成功的,其经验对内地城市形象跨地区传播具有较强的借鉴意义。     

影像分析侦查理论初探

数字技术的跨越式发展,为视频的采录、图片的拍摄、广泛的监控构建了容量巨大的数据库。以此为基础,侦查机关以影像技术为依托,大量运用影像技术手段,通过影像技术侦查破案成为常态。影像分析侦查可具体运用于普通安防影像技术、特定点和特定案件中的影像技术。其意义在于不仅可以丰富侦查理论体系,提高刑侦工作的整体战斗力,同时还能固定证据和提取证据。     

公共关系学视角下的司法公信力构建与管理研究

司法公信力是一种信用,是公众对司法机关的一种积极评价,提升司法公信力的本质是处理好司法机关与公众的关系,塑造司法机构的良好形象。本文从公共关系学的理论与实务出发,以公共关系“三要素”和“四步法”来探索其在司法公信力构建与管理中的地位和作用,剖析司法公信力缺失的根本原因,并对如何积极提升与加强司法公信力建设与管理,树立良好形象提出合理建议。