补救成本、价值损失抑或获益赔偿?——瑕疵履行救济的研究

瑕疵履行时,法院是施加救济成本还是价值损失的赔偿是合同法的难点之一。赔偿计算方式的选择必须体现期望损害赔偿的目标。目前流行的Peevyhouse规则、经济浪费规则和价值损失规则都有明显缺陷,而综合考虑意图、合理性以及政策则是目前规则的最好取代。而且获益赔偿可作为补救成本、价值损失之外的第三种可能实现期望损害赔偿目标的计算方式。我国现行《合同法》过于强调救济成本虽总体可行,但没有认真对待救济成本与价值损失之间的关系,也没有考虑获益赔偿的可能性,并不妥当。未来《合同法》应在此方面进一步完善。     

论强制实际履行合同中的价值判断与选择

强制实际履行是对违约的一种重要的救济措施,但各国对此适用的条件和态度有所差异,本文通过比较分析两大法系关于强制实际履行的价值判断与选择,认为在适用中应引入经济分析的方法加以考量,并对我国《合同法》有关问题的完善提出了若干建议。     

绩效定义的探索性研究

目前还没有一个得到人们一致认可的绩效定义。本文在文献述评的基础上，运用BS法对绩效定义作了探索性研究。研究发现了绩效的目标、结果和因素等三个面相，揭示了绩效的指向性、存在性和可溯性等三种性质，总结出绩效的本质在于更加有效地向目标迈进，其核心问题是“做正确的事”与“正确地做事”，并在此基础上创建了一个在维持完整性和科学性的基础上保持更大限度的包容性和扩展性、更加具有解释力和预见力的绩效定义。     

也论减价制度

减价是当事人一项选择性的救济权利，并且减价同时应该被理解为包括涨价在内。减价制度的意义在于维持合同的风险均衡，持续当事人的风险分配格局，激励或促进效率的履行和资源的效率配置。为此减价计算中的比例关系应是：履行时履行地不符合约定的履行与符合约定的履行的市场价格之比。减价的构成条件就是履行不符合约定且买方接受，实质就是买方接受了不符合约定的履行，所以此制度一般性地适用于各种违约救济，不限于特定类型的合同。由于存在减价与终止合同或主张赔偿的选择，减价出现的几率并不高。另外，减价不以修理、更换或重做等救济用尽为原则。     

首都大学生基层志愿者服务团项目绩效评估报告

通过评估首都大学生基层志愿者服务项目的适当性、效率、效果、受益群体满意度、社会影响和持续性等项目,评估发现,基层服务团项目在运作中志愿者的素质与基层单位的岗位需求不匹配,缺乏畅通、全方位的信息沟通渠道等问题。因此,我们必须扩大宣传力度,储备优秀的志愿者人才,完善志愿者管理体制及相关制度,推动首都大学生基层志愿者服务团项目进一步发展。     

腥瞬糯葱鹿こ滔钅?HAIPURT200

396I;I139_6刘媛;00070005;107-110基于混沌优化算法的支持向量机参数选取方法袁小芳;王耀南;湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南大学电气与信息工程学院 长沙410082,长沙410082机器学习;;支持向量机;;混沌优化;;参数选取支持向量机(SVM)的参数取值决定了其学习性能和泛化能力.对此,将SVM参数的选取看作参数的组合优化,建立组合优化的目标     

干部实绩考核方法论探析

凭实绩用干部是新时期新阶段干部原则的创造性发展.贯彻凭实绩用干部的原则,必须坚持马克思主义的世界观和方法论,用科学的方法考核干部的实绩,正确处理干部的物质文明建设成果与精神文明建设成果、个人实绩与集体实绩、现实成果与长远发展潜力、客观条件与主观努力等一系列关系,使实绩考核科学地引导和激励干部,在干部管理中发挥更加积极的作用.     

县域政府治理绩效的实证研究：公众满意度的视角--基于佛山市 A 区的治理实践

以佛山市 A 区为个案,对如何测量中国县（区）层级的政府治理绩效进行实证探索。在借鉴世界治理指标（WGI)的基础上,构建了一个本土化的地方政府治理绩效指标体系,对 A 区政府的治理绩效水平进行量化评估,并且通过构建一个多元回归模型深入挖掘影响其总体治理水平的相关因素。结果表明：公众对于 A 区政府的总体治理水平处于“一般”到“比较满意”之间;在六个维度的治理绩效中,公众满意度最低的是“腐败控制”和“法治”,最高的是“政府稳定和暴力避免”和“政府有效性”;除了“管制质量”和“政府稳定与暴力避免”之外,其他四个维度的治理绩效对 A 区政府的总体治理水平都具有显著影响,其中,“政府有效性”对总体治理水平的影响最大。     

State as resource,mediator and performer: understanding the local and global politics of gold mining in Kyrgyzstan

The inability of the state to maintain security and the rule of law for the purposes of foreign direct investment and industrial production is often taken as a sign of its weakness. However, such judgments say little about the actual functions of the state for global extraction industries and local political forces which demand their share of the pie. Whilst coercive state power may have decreased since Kyrgyzstan became independent, more important is the fact that the state itself has been transformed under the ruptures of, on the one hand, economic and political liberalization and, on the other, the effects of so-called ‘revolutions' of 2005 and 2010 which led to the wholesale restructuring of national structures of clientelism. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Talas province, documentary sources and interviews with gold mining companies and state officials, the paper investigates the state's shifting roles with respect to Kyrgyzstan's gold mining sector. Firstly, it explores the state as a source of rents for officials who grant and rescind licences in exchange for formal and informal payments from foreign investors, often via offshore vehicles. Secondly, it considers the role of the state as mediator between foreign investors and their access to sites. Finally, it identifies the state as performer of its status as sovereign power despite its inability to prevent uprisings and actually guarantee the promised access to its territory.     

Global Astana: nation branding as a legitimization tool for authoritarian regimes

This paper examines how, in post-Soviet Kazakhstan, both channels of elite and banal nationalism (such as sports and higher education) serve as instruments to promote the country. Through these channels, Kazakhstan is portrayed as an open, dynamic and successful country, an image which is in serious disjuncture with the authoritarian nature of the regime. Taking advantage of massive oil revenues, the government organized a significant OSCE general conference in 2010, while chairing the institution. In addition, it created the Astana professional cycling team, which rapidly became a world leader in the sport. Last but not least, Nazarbayev University, attracting prominent Western scholars, is now designed to make the country compete in the international arena of academic rankings. Domestic and international performances are thus treated as instruments to promote the legitimacy of the state at national and global levels. But this would not be possible without the help of individual actors who actively participate in this process. A close investigation shows that their social capital is based on global connections in various spheres (sports, finance and academia). This paper draws on evidence gathered through qualitative methods of enquiry (participant observation and semi-structured interviews). Finally, Astana is treated as a Latourian actor-network that has its own life and agency, thanks to the global association of various human actors and material objects.