Income tax evasion in the United States and China

This paper compares income tax evasion in the US and China with regard to several aspects, including income tax evasion laws and cases, problems both countries face and their possible solutions. It provides a general picture of income tax evasion in the US and China from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In the last part of the paper, errors in translation on some websites are present to remind readers to be wary of such errors.     

海峡两岸所得税制度差异对消除两岸重复课税的影响

大陆与台湾所得税制在有关纳税人的居民身份确认和所得来源地认定标准、所得税税基确定、税收征管方式以及境外所得税抵免等方面,彼此的规定存在差异.这些差异在一定程度和范围影响到两岸各自单边规定的境外所得税抵免制度适用于消除两岸所得重复课税的实际效果.准确地认识两岸税制间的这些差异和不同,有助于两岸在将来可能进行的税收协调安排中采取有效的协调措施解决问题.     

农民增收难的制度因素分析及对策

“三农”问题以农民问题为首,而农民问题的关键是农民收入问题。只有积极稳妥地推进各项制度改革,才能从根本上促进农村经济发展,切实增加农民的收入。     

从公平效率角度看农村个人所得税的开征

农村个人所得税的开征,无论是从公平还是从效率的角度看,都是不合时宜的。根据权利义务的统一性,农民没有享受到跟城镇居民相同的权利,如果让他们履行同样的义务,无疑是不公平的。考虑到中国农村的实际情况,开征也不符合效率原则。     

西部地区减轻农民负担和增加农民收入研究

改革开放以来,农民负担主体逐步由集体转移到农户,使农民对负担的感受变得更为直接,农民负担重是全国现象,西部地区农民负担不平衡问题更为突出。制约西部地区农民增收的因素是多方面的。增加农民收入与减轻农民负担二者相互关联、相辅相成,减轻农民负担就是保护农民利益,也是增加农民收入,二者是一个问题的两个方面。在协调农民收入和农民负担关系时,关键是要找准二者的结合部。     

How Social Wealth Funds Could Help Tackle Inequality

This article examines the potential to tackle the roots of inequality by the introduction of one or more social wealth funds. Such funds would aim to capture some of the financial gains from the private ownership of capital—a principal driver of inequality—and use the proceeds for wider community benefit, such as investment in social infrastructure. In recent decades a number of countries have introduced a variant on such funds, mostly taking the form of state‐owned sovereign wealth funds resourced through the exploitation of oil, and used for a diversity of economic purposes. In contrast, the UK has failed to take the opportunity to create such funds by, for example, reinvesting the revenue from the sales of public assets. So would it be possible to build one or more such collectively owned funds in the UK, and if so, how should they be financed? As well as funding social investment and anti‐inequality programmes, could such a scheme also help finance a regular Citizen's Dividend payment or a Citizen's Income scheme?     

Pension Programs Around the World: New Comparative Global Policy Data

Abstract

Income protection during old age is a universally recognized human right. Are nations fulfilling their responsibility for income support for older adults? Using a new global dataset on social protection conceptualized and built by two of the authors, this paper examines whether countries have legislated for national pension systems, and the characteristics and adequacy of those systems.     

社区民警压力的来源及解决措施

社区民警当前承受的压力逐渐加大 ,主要是由于社区民警下段时间得不到保障、责任范围不断扩大、职能部门功能错位和民警素质欠缺所致。对此 ,可以通过推行社区巡访工作模式、明确社区民警工作职责、转变职能部门工作作风和增强民警各项素质来解决。     

对加强个人所得税征管的思考

我国个人所得税经过十几年的实施,在征管方面取得了较大成效,但个人所得税作为国家调节个人收入分配的主要手段,还未充分发挥出其作用,在个人所得税制、计征方法、税率、征收方式、费用扣除标准等方面存在许多问题。应当从个人所得税税制、征管手段、加强协税护税、制定一系列激励措施回报纳税人等方面给予改进。     

公共产品供给对农民增收的负面效应及其防控

农村公共产品有效供给是促进农民增收的关键性要素,对农民增收会产生正面效应,是促进农民增收的有效途径。但公共产品供给对农民增收也会产生一些负面效应,这是我们在农村公共产品供给决策和推进时必须要理性认识和积极应对的重要问题。因此,只有既充分发挥正面效应,又积极预防与减控负面效应,才能最大可能地促进农民增收。