Taming the real estate boom in the EU: Pathways to macroprudential (in)action

In the fallout of the 2008 crisis, macroprudential policy has been installed as the policy remedy against future financial instability, a primary focus being developments in the real estate sector. With house prices consistently rising in the EU since 2014, causing alarm among macroprudential supervisory bodies, a core question of EU regulatory governance is how far macroprudential bodies have been capable of bringing about countercyclical actions against the build-up of such vulnerabilities. This paper investigates this question using a novel dataset of macroprudential intensity coded for the 17 EU countries that experienced real estate vulnerabilities post-euro crisis. Specifically, it asks which configuration of conditions account for the (in)capacity of countries to impose stringent countercyclical regulations against housing booms? Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis technics coupled with qualitative analysis of country cases using expert interviews, we find that the absence of political salience of homeownership and the political independence of macroprudential authorities to be crucial conditions that jointly explain countercyclical macroprudential activity. These findings, which show two pathways to action have implications for the capacity of the EU to prevent future crises and future reform of the EU prudential framework.     

浅析信用证独立性原则的单向性

信用证独立性原则已经得到了广泛的认可和实践,但对信用证独立性的理解还存在着一些误解,信用证独立性的单向性常常被忽视。随着实践中越来越多案例的出现,这一问题受到了重视。从理论和实践层面分析,信用证独立于基础合同,但基础合同并不独立于信用证,而是受到信用证的影响。     

司法改革的着眼点:构建司法独立环境

本文从历史与现实两种角度 ,分析论述了中国司法独立的缺陷与重构     

商法的独立性刍议

商法的独立性根源于其调整对象“商”的独立性,商法的独立性表现为其基本内容和基本形式的独立性。作为市场经济根本大法的商法,与民法、经济法一起构成了调整市场机制资源配置的有效手段。商法的独立性是客观存在的,商法独立性的形式是由其内容决定的。在现阶段,商法的独立性不应表现为商法典的独立,而应在坚持民商(法典)合一的形式下,以商事通则与商事单行法并行的形式体现商法内容的独立价值。     

“媒体审判”负面效应批判——兼论构建传媒与司法间的和谐关系

"媒体审判"背后实际上是两种理念的冲突表达自由与司法独立.在我国现实语境中,这两种价值都有保护的必要,因此,我国应当采取有效手段对表达自由和司法独立之间的紧张关系进行平衡,从而建构司法和传媒间的和谐关系.     

The enactment of public participation in rulemaking: A comparative analysis

This study analyzes the enactment of public participation in rulemaking within the European Union and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development countries. It relies on an original dataset of administrative procedural acts and administrative laws concerning the making of delegated legislation. As 12 out of 39 countries enacted a procedure of notification, publication, and consultation between 1995 and 2015, the study focuses on courts while controlling for other domestic institutional determinants of legislative adoption and countries’ interdependence. The empirical findings show that countries with a highly independent judiciary system are less likely to enact a comprehensive provision for public participation in rulemaking. This finding highlights a paradox, namely that political systems are more likely to adopt rulemaking to enhance democratic legitimacy if they are characterized by a judicial system that does not actively pursue the legality of rulemaking.     

用系统论推动和保障司法独立

作者在指出刑事诉讼程序系统具有自我发展、演化、运作的自组织性的基础上 ,运用系统的自组织理论 ,分析了司法独立的必要性及保障机制 ,从系统论的角度提出了在我国实现司法独立的可能途径。     

迈向多元化:我国量刑独立的基本进路

中国量刑独立的最终去向是迈向多元性。特别是相较于定罪程序,量刑程序因量刑信息的多元、参与主体的多元和量刑规则制定主体的多元而呈现出开放性特质,并因为量刑形式、方式的多变和量刑证据规则的宽松而呈现灵活性特征。     

Praying for Government: Peasant Disengagement from the Bolivian State*

This article explores peasants' experiences of the state in the Toracari valley, Northern Potosí, suggesting that such an analysis may shed light on the absence of political unrest among substantial segments of Bolivia's indigenous population. So long as Toracari peasants imagine the fetish of a benevolent (national) Government that one cannot fight, they associate local public offices with the small‐scale mestizo landlords who hold these positions, rather than with Government. Recognition of this distinction should caution scholars against employing the concept of ‘State’ as a system that includes all levels of government and state officials. Use of that concept may obstruct serious research into the power of local elites such as the landlords.     

媒体对司法的监督

大众传媒是当今社会公众了解公共信息并表达意见的主要渠道。媒体的监督具有促进司法独立、司法公开和司法公正的价值,但媒体与司法之间同时存在着冲突。冲突的解决应当从各国的实际情况出发,找到两者之间的平衡,以达到保障人权和司法公正的实现。从我国的司法现状看,更应强调对媒体作为公众舆论渠道的保护。