Anatomy of a Scottish Revolution: The Potential of Postnationalist Scotland and the Future of the United Kingdom

Scottish politics isn't about some remote northern politics but go to the heart of the nature, character and power dimensions of the UK and British state. Scotland has been dramatically changed by the scale of the SNP landslide victory in the 2011 Scottish Parliament elections. Scottish society, identity and culture along with the politics of unionism and nationalism have all changed and will change further. The old fashioned politics of devolution are dead, but what comes next and what are the consequences for Scottish independence? What has to be challenged are old‐fashioned out‐of‐date views of the SNP, and the unreconstructed nationalism of the British state.     

Justice in Siberia: a case study of a lower criminal court in the city of Krasnoyarsk

Empirical investigation of justice administration udertaken in post-Soviet Russia has been insignificant. Consequently, there is a dearth of knowledge about realities of justice administration ‘on the ground’, at the level of districts or towns. The author's research project, an in depth empirical investigation of the activity of a single criminal court located in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, represents a step toward filling this gap. This paper concludes that the rule of law has made rather limited inroads in the day-to-day operations of criminal courts in the Russian deep provinces. The correspondence between earnestly declared legal principles and the mundane reality of judicial practice is loose and at some junctions non-existent.     

近代刑法观念的裂变：从诸法合体到刑法独立

诸法合体的观念统领了我国古代自《法经》以来的各种成文法的编纂体例。随着以鸦片战争的爆发为标志的中国近代社会的开始,近代刑法观念产生了从诸法合体向刑法独立的裂变。在改革旧法体系的问题上,刑法独立的主张并非首先提出,而是先有人提倡制定商法,继而刑法独立的观念才孕育而生。从诸法合体到刑法独立是一步重开历史先河的转变,究竟哪些原因促成了这一观念裂变?诸法合体是中国古代农业自然经济、封建集权政治、及律学传统的产物;近代社会的经济、政治、法学为刑法独立的观念创造了条件,共同推动它由萌芽、发展、成熟,到最终成功运用在立法实践中。近代刑法观念从诸法合体向刑法独立的裂变意义广泛而深远。     

民事诉讼调解制度的未来——回归其本质

诉讼调解是一种传统的解决纠纷方式,它在彻底解决纠纷、维护社会稳定方面发挥着重要的作用,但是随着社会的转型,审判方式的逐渐改革以及人们权利意识的增强,诉讼调解在解决纠纷方面也暴露出了种种弊端,这些弊端已经使调解制度在一定程度上发生了异化,基于此有必要对诉讼调解制度进行完善,使其回归其本质——纠纷解决方式.     

中国信用评级机构独立性探索——以上海国际金融中心建设为背景

信用评级机构是上海国际金融中心建设的一块重要内容,但是目前信用评级机构独立性不强是最主要的问题。原因来自三个方面：信用评级机构的形成和发展受制于行政力量,发行人付费的模式存在不合理之处以及信用评级市场受控于美资。针对上述原因,在构建信用评级机构独立性框架时,建议中央政府以上海为试点。整合国内信用评级市场、改变监管模式、组建自律机构、遏制外国资本对中国市场的渗透,同时完善以中国人民银行为主体的信用数据库。设立入门考试等制度。     

Exploring Sovereignty in Scotland

It is often said that sovereignty is ever less meaningful in the modern world. Yet, sovereignty claims continue to proliferate. There are two elements: the subject of self-determination (sovereignty) claims and the object. Scottish independence and Brexit are two examples, yet they differ in important ways. Brexit postulates that the British people are the subject and complete sovereignty is the object. The Scottish independence movement claims the Scottish people is the subject but now places the object (independence) in a European context of shared sovereignty. Analysis of questions placed in the Scottish Social Attitudes Survey (2021) shows that, in spite of Scottish politics being polarised around the issue of independence vs. union, voters show flexibility about what each of these actually means.     

社会舆论与司法机关的博弈与双赢

社会舆论与司法判决两者的权利均来自于《宪法》,一方权利的扩张,则导致权利失衡,形成社会舆论与司法机关的博弈。激烈的利益冲突使得双方两败俱伤,因此,通过在立法过程中对民意进行疏通汇总,在审判程序中完善人民陪审员制度对民意加以引导,营造社会舆论与司法机关双赢的局面至关重要。     

新中国成立后独立自主外交原则的演变

新中国成立以来,我国的独立自主外交原则经历了从一边倒、一条线到和平共处、共同发展、和谐世界的发展历程。它不仅反映了我国社会历史发展的演变,同时也表明一个国家只有真正坚持独立自主的和平外交原则,才能最终找到属于自己独特的发展道路,并为本国不断走向繁荣富强提供保障。     

论我国见索即付保函法律制度的构建

见索即付保函产生于二战以后蓬勃发展的国际商业实践。突破了传统保函的从属性,具备独立性与单据化特征使受益人得到迅速、便捷的资金补偿,从而被商业社会普遍接受。但由于各国交易惯例的差异和当事人理解上的偏差,相关纠纷时有发生。我国商业实践早在20世纪80年代就开始运用,但现有立法却仍没有明确其合法地位,也没有专门而系统的操作规范,司法实践亦对涉外领域和国内领域的保函效力予以区别对待。基于商业实践和保护相关当事人权益的需要,构建我国见索即付保函法律制度势在必行。