公正审判基本人权视野下的司法独立与司法受制

公正审判基本人权视野下的司法独立，其全部目的是为了公正审判。为防止绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败，司法权本身也需要约束，因而司法独立也不是绝对的，存在公正审判的诉讼机制下司法受制的必要性，印司法要接受司法内监督和司法外监督。司法内的监督包括审级监督和再审监督，司法外监督包括媒体监督、权力机关监督和社会其他监督等，而司法外监督以不代替司法审判、不构成对司法权的不正当干涉为底限。司法独立与司法受制共同统一于公正审判。     

YOUTH AGING OUT OF FOSTER CARE—INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

This article explores the legislative tools that New Zealand has to facilitate the protection of children and young people up to the age of seventeen years. It further explores the mechanisms currently employed in New Zealand to assist young people with the transition from care to independence, recognizing the strengths as well as the gaps in the current system. The article concludes by suggesting what could be done to close these gaps to provide better support for youth who are aging out of foster care.     

论台湾地区检察官人事迁调民主化之得失———兼谈台湾地区检改运动

检察官人事迁调民主化是检察官独立的前提保障。我国台湾地区经过＂解严＂后的司法民主运动,特别是检察系统内部的检改运动,检察官人事迁调民主化得到一定程度的实现。但是,检察官转任和转调依然缺乏法律保障,＂法务部＂对于检察官人事迁调案仍然有一定的控制权,泛政治化的影响对于检察官的人事民主化也往往产生制度外的障碍。此外,检察官人事案件缺乏民主问责等都影响检察官独立对人事迁调民主化的应然诉求。     

Imagining the Economic Nation: The Scottish Case

The impending Scottish referendum on independence raises the question: what is a nation? This article addresses this question in terms of ‘economic nationhood’. Tracing the development of the Scottish economy over the last century and a half, it shows how the extraordinarily ‘globalised’ economy of pre‐1913 Scotland slowly evolved into a much more self‐reliant entity. Today, Scotland has a de‐industrialised and substantially de‐globalised economy, with a very large public sector about which key decisions are made in Edinburgh. Scotland has become much more of an economic ‘community of fate’ than ever before in its modern history.     

司法公信力的缺失及重构——基于典型案例的分析

当前,我国司法公信力不高,仍然存在案结事未了、同案不同判等非正常现象。司法公信力具有信用与信任双重维度。影响我国司法公信力的因素主要包括体制缺陷、司法不独立、同案不同判等。因此,提高我国司法公信力,一方面应紧抓司法公信力的信用与信任双重维度,注重从改革传统法院体制、践行司法为民理念、提高办案效率和完善裁判文书制作,另一方面应规范媒体监督、加大普法教育。     

刍议人民监督员的选任模式

2003年以来,最高人民检察院出台并逐步完善了人民监督员制度,从试行到全面推行,中国出现了若干种人民监督员的选任模式,但是考察人民监督员的来源、合法性、人员组成等方面,这项制度依然存在“自己监督自己”的困境。除了尽快立法外,人民监督员的选任制度还要考虑“监督”与“司法独立”的平衡问题。     

The governance of justice and internal security in Scotland: between the Scottish independence referendum and British decisions on the EU

This article examines how the governance of justice and internal security in Scotland could be affected by the outcome of the Scottish independence referendum in September 2014. The article argues that it is currently impossible to equate a specific result in the referendum with a given outcome for the governance of justice and internal security in Scotland. This is because of the complexities of the current arrangements in that policy area and the existence of several changes that presently affect them and are outside the control of the government and of the people of Scotland. This article also identifies an important paradox. In the policy domain of justice and internal security, a ‘no’ vote could, in a specific set of circumstances, actually lead to more changes than a victory of the ‘yes’ camp.     

深化司法体制改革与诉讼正义的审视与探讨

随着中国经济发展迈入国际先进行列,成为第二大经济体,但司法体制质量还未达到现代先进行列中。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革领导小组组长习近平强调,要高度重视改革方案的制定和落实工作,做实做细调查研究征求意见,评估把关等关键环节,严把改革方案质量关,严把改革督察关,确保改革改有所进、改有所成。研究、思考、确定全面深化司法制度改革的思路和重大举措,应当全面深入的调查确定,做些有益探索和分析,为司法体制改革和诉讼正义等若干问题探索接地气,攒底气,对一些司法改革方案进行考核验收,查哨查岗,确保落实。同时,也应体现"公平、正义、民主、自由"的社会主义特色的法制核心价值。     

美国的司法独立及其相对性

美国是世界上最早赋予司法独立以完整内涵并真正实施的国家,因而研究美国的司法独立具有重要意义。美国司法独立的理论基础是权力的分立与制衡理论。为保障司法独立的贯彻,美国确立了法官个人意义上的司法独立性和制度层面上的司法独立性,但该原则并非绝对,而是相对的。     

现代司法理念下的法官独立

现代司法理念被人们赋予了时代的新意,使其更贴近现实的生活,成为活的司法理念。本文结合中国的司法制度和实际国情,就“法官独立”这一现代司法理念中最基本的问题进行了探讨,从上下级法院关系、合议庭及审判委员会三个方面出发,指出中国“司法内部独立”——“法官独立”的现状及存在的障碍,试图在现有的制度框架下找出通过法院自身努力就可实现的改良措施。笔者深知,如果司法机关尚意识不到自身独立的重要性,不能尊重法官的独立,又何谈要求来自外部的尊重。法院内部改革的过程同样也是法院自身增强独立意识的过程。